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  • 1
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    Response to Comment on "Dilution limits dissolved organic carbon utilization in the deep ocean" (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: Our recent finding that dilution limits dissolved organic carbon (DOC) utilization in the deep ocean has been criticized based on the common misconception that lability equates to rapid and complete utilization. Even when considering the redefinition of recalcitrant DOC recently proposed by Jiao et al., the dilution hypothesis best explains our experimental observations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arrieta, Jesus M -- Mayol, Eva -- Hansman, Roberta L -- Herndl, Gerhard J -- Dittmar, Thorsten -- Duarte, Carlos M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1483. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7249. Epub 2015 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain. jesus.arrieta@kaust.edu.sa. ; Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain. ; Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Division Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Division Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 1790AB Den Burg, Netherlands. ; Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany. ; Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; *Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ocean chemistry. Dilution limits dissolved organic carbon utilization in the deep ocean (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the second largest reservoir of organic carbon in the biosphere. About 72% of the global DOC inventory is stored in deep oceanic layers for years to centuries, supporting the current view that it consists of materials resistant to microbial degradation. An alternative hypothesis is that deep-water DOC consists of many different, intrinsically labile compounds at concentrations too low to compensate for the metabolic costs associated to their utilization. Here, we present experimental evidence showing that low concentrations rather than recalcitrance preclude consumption of a substantial fraction of DOC, leading to slow microbial growth in the deep ocean. These findings demonstrate an alternative mechanism for the long-term storage of labile DOC in the deep ocean, which has been hitherto largely ignored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arrieta, Jesus M -- Mayol, Eva -- Hansman, Roberta L -- Herndl, Gerhard J -- Dittmar, Thorsten -- Duarte, Carlos M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):331-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1258955. Epub 2015 Mar 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain. Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. txetxu@mail.com. ; Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain. ; Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Division Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Division Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 1790AB Den Burg, Netherlands. ; Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, and Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI), Bremen, Germany. ; Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)/Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain. Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, WA, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; *Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    CO2-driven compromises to marine life along the Chilean coast (2010)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-06
    Description: CO2-driven compromises to marine life were examined along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System, a particularly vulnerable hypoxic and upwelling area, applying the Respiration index (RI = log10 pO20.7) declining by half between 42° S and 28° S. The intermediate waters hardly reached those stations closer to the equator so that the increased pCO2 lowered pH and the saturation of aragonite. A significant fraction of the water column along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System suffers from CO2–driven compromises to biota, including waters corrosive to calcifying organisms, stress to aerobic organisms or both. The habitat free of CO2-driven stresses was restricted to the upper mixed layer and to small water parcels at about 1000 m depth. pCO2 acts as a hinge connecting respiratory and calcification challenges expected to increase in the future, resulting in a spread of the challenges to aerobic organisms.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
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    Impacts of UV radiation on plankton community metabolism along the Humboldt Current System (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description: The Humbolt Current System along the Chilean coast is one of the most productive regions in the world, where UV levels are particularly high due to stratospheric ozone depletion. Research has shown that phytoplankton photosynthesis can be severely inhibited by surface radiation and there are concerns that this will reduce not only algal carbon fixation, but also the carbon supply for higher trophic level. Experimental estimates of community metabolism (NCP, GPP and R) and the impacts of UV on community metabolism were assessed at 8 stations along the meridional track by the Humbold-2009 cruise (54.80° S–23.85° S) on board RV Hespérides from 5 to 15 March 2009. The results showed an increase UVB penetration towards the Equator, along the Humboldt Current System, suggesting a more important impact of UVB radiation towards the north. The metabolic rates observed were within average values reported for the Ocean Pacific and did not show the water mass investigated to be exceptionally productive at the time of the study. Experimental evaluation of the effect of UVB radiation on surface waters, those most strongly affected by UVB, showed that UVB radiation suppressed net community production, resulting in a dominance of heterotrophic communities in surface waters, compared to the prevalence of autotrophic communities inferred when materials, excluding UVB radiation, are used for incubation. These results show that UVB radiation, which has increased greatly in the study area, may have suppressed net community production of the plankton communities, possibly driving plankton communities in the Southwest Pacific towards CO2 sources.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Experimental assessment of the effect of UVB radiation on plankton community metabolism along the Southeastern Pacific off Chile (2012)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-02
    Description: The potential effects of UV on community metabolism (NCP, GPP and R) were assessed along the Southeast Pacific off the Chilean coast during the Humbold-2009 cruise (54.80° S–23.85° S) on board R/V Hespérides from 5 to 15 March 2009. Estimates of community metabolism were performed at eight stations, including three stations on Patagonian fjords and five stations on the Humboldt Current System. The effect of UVB radiation on net community production (NCP) was evaluated at the stations in the Humboldt Current system by comparing metabolic rates derived using quartz bottles, largely transparent to UVB, and borosilicate glass, which is opaque to UVB and part of UVA, incubated under the ambient solar radiation. Autotrophic planktonic communities with variable NCP prevailed along the area, with the highest NCP rates (7.1–11.1 mmol O2 m−3 d−1) observed in the Patagonian fjords and the northernmost station. All five experiments showed significantly different NCP rates between communities incubated under the full ambient radiation and those incubated under reduced UVB. One of the experiments showed elevated NCP when the community was exposed to the full solar radiation, while four experiments showed a significantly lower NCP in the presence of UVB. These results suggest that the intense UVB radiation in this area, partly inhibits NCP in the Southwest Pacific off Chile.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Coupled CO2 and O2-driven compromises to marine life in summer along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System (2012)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-28
    Description: Carbon dioxide and coupled CO2 and O2-driven compromises to marine life were examined along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System, a particularly vulnerable hypoxic and upwelling area, applying the Respiration index (RI = log10 pO2pCO2) and the pH-dependent aragonite saturation (Ω) to delineate the water masses where aerobic and calcifying organisms are stressed. As expected, there was a strong negative relationship between oxygen concentration and pH or pCO2 in the studied area, with the subsurface hypoxic Equatorial Subsurface Waters extending from 100 m to about 300 m depth and supporting elevated pCO2 values. The lowest RI values, associated to aerobic stress, were found at about 200 m depth and decreased towards the Equator. Increased pCO2 in the hypoxic water layer reduced the RI values by as much as 0.59 RI units, with the thickness of the upper water layer that presents conditions suitable for aerobic life (RI〉0.7) declining by half between 42° S and 28° S. The intermediate waters hardly reached those stations closer to the equator so that the increased pCO2 lowered pH and the saturation of aragonite. A significant fraction of the water column along the Chilean sector of the Humboldt Current System suffers from CO2–driven compromises to biota, including waters corrosive to calcifying organisms, stress to aerobic organisms or both. The habitat free of CO2-driven stresses was restricted to the upper mixed layer and to small water parcels at about 1000 m depth. Overall pCO2 acts as a hinge connecting respiratory and calcification challenges expected to increase in the future, resulting in a spread of the challenges to aerobic organisms.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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