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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1994-02-18
    Description: Multimeric complexes of synaptic vesicle and terminal membrane proteins are important components of the neurotransmitter release mechanism. The csp gene of Drosophila encodes proteins homologous to synaptic vesicle proteins in Torpedo. Monoclonal antibodies demonstrate different distributions of isoforms at distinct subsets of terminals. Deletion of the csp gene in Drosophila causes a temperature-sensitive block of synaptic transmission, followed by paralysis and premature death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zinsmaier, K E -- Eberle, K K -- Buchner, E -- Walter, N -- Benzer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 18;263(5149):977-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8310297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroretinography ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Insect ; Genes, Lethal ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Membrane Proteins/analysis/*genetics/physiology ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-04-15
    Description: The molecular organization of presynaptic active zones during calcium influx-triggered neurotransmitter release is the focus of intense investigation. The Drosophila coiled-coil domain protein Bruchpilot (BRP) was observed in donut-shaped structures centered at active zones of neuromuscular synapses by using subdiffraction resolution STED (stimulated emission depletion) fluorescence microscopy. At brp mutant active zones, electron-dense projections (T-bars) were entirely lost, Ca2+ channels were reduced in density, evoked vesicle release was depressed, and short-term plasticity was altered. BRP-like proteins seem to establish proximity between Ca2+ channels and vesicles to allow efficient transmitter release and patterned synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kittel, Robert J -- Wichmann, Carolin -- Rasse, Tobias M -- Fouquet, Wernher -- Schmidt, Manuela -- Schmid, Andreas -- Wagh, Dhananjay A -- Pawlu, Christian -- Kellner, Robert R -- Willig, Katrin I -- Hell, Stefan W -- Buchner, Erich -- Heckmann, Manfred -- Sigrist, Stephan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1051-4. Epub 2006 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Neuroscience Institute Gottingen, Grisebachstrasse 5, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Larva ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/*physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Vesicles/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Adult Drosophila were fed with tritium labeled deoxyglucose prior to a 5-hour period of visual stimulation. A flickering disk of light and a moving grating were presented to the left and right eyes, respectively. Autoradiography revealed enhanced labeling solely in that part of the second optic ganglion (medulla) whose visual field was stimulated by movement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchner, E -- Buchner, S -- Hengstenberg, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):687-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Ganglia/metabolism ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Visual Pathways/metabolism ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 120 (1927), S. 367-367 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SOME years ago, H. N. Holmes showed that a silicic acid jelly could be prepared which gives a musical tone on tapping. It is perhaps worth putting on record that the same phenomenon can be exhibited by a soap jelly, as Mr. P. van Campen happened to discover in this laboratory. A bottle had been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 95 (1915), S. 701-701 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE remarkable chemical analogy of the ammonium radicle and the alkali metals may be explained with the help of Bohr's theory of atomic structure. According to Bohr, the atom of nitrogen consists of a nucleus with a positive charge of 7e, surrounded by two rings of electrons, the inner ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 335-336 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neurotransmitter ; Mutants ; Immunohistochemistry ; Behavior ; Insecta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of histamine as a fast neuro-transmitter of imaginai insect photoreceptors is firmly established. In adult Drosophila, histamine is also found in mechanosensory receptors of cuticular hair sensilla and in a small number of nonreceptor neurons in head and body ganglia. Here we investigate the function of histamine by immunohistochemical and behavioral analysis of mutants deficient in the hdc gene that codes for histidine decarboxylase. The allele hdc JK910 appears to be a null mutation, as histamine immunoreactivity is almost entirely eliminated. Homozygous flies are blind in various behavioral paradigms. Mutant larvae, on the other hand, show normal photokinetic responses. Thus, adult Drosophila photoreceptors most likely utilize only a single substance, histamine, as a neurotransmitter, whereas larval photoreceptors apparently employ a different transmitter. With the alleles hdc p211 , hdc p217 , and hdc p218 , variable amounts of histamine are found in photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, but no histamine could be detected in any of the nonreceptor neurons. These mutants show various degrees of visual and mechanosensory impairment, as determined by quantitative behavioral assays. We conclude that histamine is required for normal function of cuticular hair sensilla and for efficient grooming of the body surface. Thus, in Drosophila, histamine represents a major functional neurotransmitter for mechanosensory receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    De economist 3 (1854), S. 360-373 
    ISSN: 1572-9982
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 24 (1976), S. 85-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the theoretical part of the present work the input-output relation for a multi-input system is developed into a functional power series. This is formally equivalent to a decomposition of the system into a sum of all possible combinations of 1-, 2-, 3-... input subsystems. The average response of the system to a uniformly moving patern is known to be a Fourier series with respect to spatial frequency. The coefficients of the series are linear combinations of the “weights” by which different subsystems contribute to the total reaction. If a system can be shown to have essential nonlinearities of no higher than second order it is possible to calculate, from a Fourier analysis of the average movement response, the “weight” by which the nonlinear interaction between any two input elements contributes to the total reaction. This interaction is termed “elementary movement detector”. By the analysis presented here the arrangement of the elementary movement detectors may be determined for a two-dimensional array of input elements and the strength of their contributions to the total movement reaction may be calculated. Special experimental methods have been developed which allow one to apply this analysis to the visual system of the fruitfly Drosophila. The preliminary data presented show that the direction sensitive optomotor response of Drosophila can be attributed predominantly to the contributions from two “elementary movement detectors” which interconnect neighbouring visual elements. The detectors are oriented in the hexagonal array of the compound eye at +30° and at-30° with respect to the horizontal line of symmetry. A weak contribution from a detector between neighbouring elements along the horizontal line of symmetry is suggested by the present data. In the course of the analysis the contrast transfer properties of the compound eye are characterized.
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