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  • 1
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    Researchers investigate fate of oceanic plateaus at subduction zones (1996)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Ottawa, 3-4, vol. 77, no. 30, pp. 282, 283, pp. 2072, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Plate tectonics ; Project report/description
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    P and S receiver function analysis of seafloor borehole broadband seismic data (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: The crustal and lithospheric structure of the normal oceanic plates is investigated using converted wave techniques (P and S receiver functions (RFs) and novel stacking analysis techniques without deconvolution) applied to the data from two seafloor borehole broadband seismic stations located in the central Philippine Sea and in the northwest Pacific ocean. We observe sufficient energy from at least two discontinuities within the error bounds, one from the crust-mantle (Moho) boundary and the other from the seismic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Synthetic seismograms for seafloor stations show that the water reverberations interfere with the vertical component of seismograms but to a lesser extent with the radial part of P receiver functions. On the other hand, S receiver functions are devoid of such effects since all the multiples and converted waves are separated in time by the primary S wave in time. Waveform modeling of RFs shows that the crustal thicknesses of the western Philippine Sea plate and northwest Pacific plate are ∼7–8 km, and that depths of LAB are 76 ± 1.8 km and 82 ± 4.4 km, respectively, with an abrupt Vs drop at LAB of ∼7%–8%, as reported by Kawakatsu et al. (2009). The LAB depth for the eastern Philippine plate is found to be ∼55 km. To confirm the robustness of this observation, we further analyze vertical and radial components of the data without deconvolution for P wave backscattered reflection phases and P-to-S converted phases. The result indicates that the reflected/converted phases from Moho and LAB are observed at timings consistent with the receiver function results. The effect of seismic anisotropy for observed RFs is also investigated.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Seismic evidence for sharp lithosphere-asthenosphere boundaries of oceanic plates (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: The mobility of the lithosphere over a weaker asthenosphere constitutes the essential element of plate tectonics, and thus the understanding of the processes at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is fundamental to understand how our planet works. It is especially so for oceanic plates because their relatively simple creation and evolution should enable easy elucidation of the LAB. Data from borehole broadband ocean bottom seismometers show that the LAB beneath the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates is sharp and age-dependent. The observed large shear wave velocity reduction at the LAB requires a partially molten asthenosphere consisting of horizontal melt-rich layers embedded in meltless mantle, which accounts for the large viscosity contrast at the LAB that facilitates horizontal plate motions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawakatsu, Hitoshi -- Kumar, Prakash -- Takei, Yasuko -- Shinohara, Masanao -- Kanazawa, Toshihiko -- Araki, Eiichiro -- Suyehiro, Kiyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1169499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. hitosi@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    In situ stress and pore pressure in the Kumano Forearc Basin, offshore SW Honshu from downhole measurements during riser drilling (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-30
    Description: [1]  In situ stress and pore pressure are key parameters governing rock deformation, yet direct measurements of these quantities are rare. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition #319, we drilled through a forearc basin at the Nankai subduction zone and into the underlying accretionary prism. We used the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool (MDT) for the first time in IODP to measure in situ minimum stress, pore pressure, and permeability at 11 depths between 729.9 and 1533.9 mbsf. Leak-off testing at 708.6 mbsf conducted as part of drilling operations provided a second measurement of minimum stress. The MDT campaign included nine single-probe (SP) tests to measure permeability and in situ pore pressure and two dual-packer (DP) tests to measure minimum principal stress. Permeabilities defined from the SP tests range from 6.53 × 10 −17 to 4.23 × 10 −14  m 2 . Pore fluid pressures are near hydrostatic throughout the section despite rapid sedimentation. This is consistent with the measured hydraulic diffusivity of the sediments and suggests that the forearc basin should not trap overpressures within the upper plate of the subduction zone. Minimum principal stresses are consistently lower than the vertical stress. We estimate the maximum horizontal stress from wellbore failures at the leak-off test and shallow MDT DP test depths. The results indicate a normal or strike-slip stress regime, consistent with the observation of abundant active normal faults in the seaward-most part of the basin, and a general decrease in fault activity in the vicinity of Site C0009.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Near-field observations of an offshore Mw 6.0 earthquake from an integrated seafloor and sub-seafloor monitoring network at the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-20
    Description: An Mw 6.0 earthquake struck ~50 km offshore the Kii Peninsula of southwest Honshu, Japan on April 1, 2016. This earthquake occurred directly beneath a cabled offshore monitoring network at the Nankai Trough subduction zone, and within 25-35 km of two borehole observatories installed as part of the NanTroSEIZE IODP drilling project. The earthquake's location close to the seafloor and sub-seafloor network offers a unique opportunity to evaluate dense seafloor geodetic and seismological data in the near-field of a moderate-sized offshore earthquake. We use the offshore seismic network to locate the mainshock and aftershocks, seafloor pressure sensors and borehole observatory data to determine the detailed distribution of seafloor and sub-seafloor deformation, and seafloor pressure observations to model the resulting tsunami. Contractional strain estimated from formation pore pressure records in the borehole observatories (equivalent to 0.37 to 0.15 μstrain) provides a key to narrowing the possible range of fault plane solutions. Together, these data show that the rupture occurred on a landward dipping thrust fault at 9-10 km below the seafloor, most likely on the plate interface. Pore pressure changes recorded in one of the observatories also provides evidence for significant afterslip for at least a few days following the mainshock. The earthquake and its aftershocks are located within the coseismic slip region of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (Mw ~8.0), and immediately down-dip of swarms of very low frequency earthquakes in this region, illustrating the complex distribution of megathrust slip behavior at a dominantly locked seismogenic zone.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    In Situ Stress and Pore Pressure in the Kumano Forearc Basin, offshore SW Honshu from Down-hole Measurements During Riser Drilling (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: [1]  In situ stress and pore pressure are key parameters governing rock strength, yet direct measurements of these quantities are rare. During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition #319, we drilled through a forearc basin at the Nankai subduction zone, and into the underlying accretionary prism. We used the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool (MDT) for the first time in IODP, to measure in situ minimum stress, pore pressure, and permeability at 11 depths between 729.9-1533.9 mbsf. Leak-off testing at 708.6 mbsf conducted as part of drilling operations provided a second measurement of minimum stress. The MDT campaign included 9 single probe (SP) tests to measure permeability and in situ pore pressure, and 2 dual packer (DP) tests to measure minimum principal stress. Permeabilities defined from the SP tests range from 6.53 x 10 -17 - 4.23 x 10 -14  m 2 . Pore fluid pressures are near hydrostatic throughout the section, despite rapid sedimentation. This is consistent with the measured hydraulic diffusivity of the sediments, and suggests that the forearc basin should not trap overpressures within the upper plate of the subduction zone. Minimum principal stresses are consistently lower than the vertical stress. We estimate the maximum horizontal stress from wellbore failures at the leakoff test and shallow MDT DP test depths. The results indicate a normal or strike-slip stress regime, consistent with the observation of abundant active normal faults in the seaward-most part of the basin, and a general decrease in the fault activity in the vicinity of Site C0009.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Bottom-up control of ecosystems and landscapes [Environmental Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-05
    Description: Earth’s land surface teems with life. Although the distribution of ecosystems is largely explained by temperature and precipitation, vegetation can vary markedly with little variation in climate. Here we explore the role of bedrock in governing the distribution of forest cover across the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California. Our sites span...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Changes in physical properties of the Nankai Trough megasplay fault induced by earthquakes, detected by continuous pressure monitoring (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-14
    Description: One primary objective of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 365, conducted as part of the NanTroSEIZE project, was to recover a temporary observatory emplaced to monitor formation pore fluid pressure and temperature within a splay fault in the Nankai subduction zone offshore SW Honshu, Japan. Here, we use a 5.3 year time series of formation pore fluid pressure, and in particular the response to ocean tidal loading, to evaluate changes in pore pressure and formation and fluid elastic properties induced by earthquakes. Our analysis reveals 31 earthquake-induced perturbations. These are dominantly characterized by small transient increases in pressure (28 events) and decreases in ocean tidal loading efficiency (14 events) that reflect changes to formation or fluid compressibility. The observed perturbations follow a magnitude-distance threshold similar to that reported for earthquake-driven hydrological effects in other settings. To explore the mechanisms that cause these changes, we evaluate the expected static and dynamic strains from each earthquake. The expected static strains are too small to explain the observed pressure changes. In contrast, estimated dynamic strains correlate with the magnitude of changes in both pressure and loading efficiency. We propose potential mechanism for the changes and subsequent recovery which is exsolution of dissolved gas in interstitial fluids in response to shaking.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Deep-sea borehole seismological observatories in the western Pacific: temporal variation of seismic noise level and event detection (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismological networks provide critical data for better understanding the dynamics of the Earth; however, a great limitation on existing networks is the uneven distribution of stations. In order to achieve a more uniform distribution of seismic stations, observatories must be constructed in marine areas. The best configuration for oceanic seismic observatories is thought to be placement of seismometers in deep boreholes. Two deep-sea borehole seismological observatories (WP-1 and WP-2) were constructed in the western Pacific and form the initial installations of a 1000 km span network. At present, seismic records of more than 400 total days were retrieved from both the WP-1 and WP-2. Long-term variations in broadband seismic noise spectra (3mHz - 10 Hz) in the western Pacific were revealed from these records, and the data showed that ambient seismic noise levels in borehole observatories are comparable to those of the quietest land seismic stations. In addition, there is little temporal variation of noise levels in periods greater than 10 seconds. Due to this low seismic noise environment, many teleseismic events with magnitudes greater than 5 were recorded. It is confirmed that seismic observation in deep-sea borehole gives the best environment for earthquake observation in marine areas.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: deep-sea borehole observatory ; broadband seismometer ; seismic noise level ; long-term observation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3109965 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of double bond positions in polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters by combined gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 83 (1977), S. 474-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90055-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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