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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass selected anion-zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy (anion-ZEKE): Ground and low excited states of FeO (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 2284-2291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photodetachment-photoelectron (PD-PES) and anion-zero kinetic energy photoelectron (anion-ZEKE) spectra of FeO have been measured. The vibrational progression bands of the X 5Δi(FeO)←X 5Δ7/2(FeO−) transition in the PD-PES spectrum exhibit substructure which could not be resolved in earlier PD-PES spectra. A comparison with the high resolution anion-ZEKE spectrum clearly shows the existence of a second low energetic electronic state which could be the a 7Σ+ of neutral FeO proposed by several authors. In addition, for the A 5Σ+ state of FeO an excess energy of 4050 cm−1 was found. Vibrational frequencies for the X 5Δ, a 7Σ+, and A 5Σ+ states have been determined as 882, 887, and 800 cm−1. All spin orbit splittings of the neutral and anionic ground states could be measured directly or deduced from spin orbit combination transitions. We succeeded in resolving the rotational envelope of the vibrational origin of the neutral–anion ground states transition with indicated single rotational lines of the ΔJ =+3/2 branch. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transit detector for intermediate monitoring in time-of-flight mass analyzers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3172-3177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a particle detector for intermediate monitoring of beams of ion bunches (e.g., in time-of-flight mass analyzers). Its principle is secondary electron emission from a thin wire whose cross section is small (i.e., 〈5%) compared with the cross section of the primary ion beam. By means of a special experimental setup, anionic, cationic, or neutral particle beams can be formed; in addition, a tandem arrangement of our transit detector and a second detector at the end of the ion flight region allows us to test this transit detector. The influence on mass resolution, reliability of ion peak heights, dependence on kinetic energy and charge of the primary particles, and linearity have been investigated. This new detector may be useful for tandem mass spectrometric experiments, e.g., in time-of-flight analyzers with secondary excitation by collisions or photon absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144546
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision-induced electron emission from surfaces in negative-ion time-of-fliht mass spectrometry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 133 (1994), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1176
    Keywords: Negative ions ; Secondary electron emission ; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-1176(94)03959-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of liquid sodium on the fracture of stainless steel (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 32 (1986), S. R23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019789
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Natriumeinfluß auf das Zeitstand- und Kriechverhalten des Stahls X5 CrNi 18 9 (AISI 304, W.-Nr. 1.4301) bei 823 K (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 250-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Influence of Sodium on the creep Rupture and Creep Behaviour of the Steel X5 CrNi 18 9 (AISI 304, W.-No. 1.4301) at 823 KWe did not observe any effects of sodium on the time to rupture, the time to reach limited strain and the creep rate of steel X5 CrNi 18 9 (AISI 304, W.-No. 1.4301) in creep rupture tests at 823 K in flowing sodium up to 2000 hours exposure time. Only the fracture mode is influenced by the liquid sodium. Sodium causes intercristalline precracking, the ultimate strain values are somewhat reduced. Exchange of carbon or nitrogen did not occur to such an extent that it could affect the mechanical properties.
    Notes: In den Zeitstand- und Kriechversuchen an dem Stahl X5 CrNi 18 9 (1.4301, AISI 304) bei 823 K in strömendem Natrium wurde bis zu Auslagerungszeiten von über 2000 Stunden kein Effekt auf die Standzeit, die Zeitdehngrenzen und die Kriechgeschwindigkeit beobachtet. Lediglich das Bruchverhalten des Stahls wird durch Natrium verändert. Natrium verursacht interkristallinen Anbruch, die Bruchdehnung wird dadurch verringert. Kohlenstoff oder Stickstoff wurden dabei nicht mit dem Natrium in einem Maße ausgetauscht, daß Auswirkungen auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften eintreten konnten.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19810120706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosionsreaktionen sauerstoffempfindlicher Metalle in flüssigem Natrium mit Oxidgehalten. I. Reaktionen von Zirkonium und Zircaloy-2 (1970)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 568-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion reactions of metals sensitive to oxygen in liquid sodium containing oxide. I. Reactions of Zirconium and Zircaloy-2The corrosion and oxidation behaviour of pure zirconium and of zircaloy-2 has been examined in a sodium circuit with forced sodium circulation. At temperatures ranging from 500 to 600°C, the pure metal as well as the alloy are oxidized, forming external oxide films and internal brittle zones. At a constant oxygen content of about 5 ppm, the reactions are governed by a parabolic law. The constants of the oxidation rate depend on temperature and correspond to an activation energy of 40 kcal/Mol in the case of zirconium.The zirconium alloys have a high resistance in pure sodium and lose virtually no material to the following sodium. In sodium with oxygen content, the corrosion rate up to 550°C is acceptably low.As far as the Getter effect of zirconium is concerned, the formation of external oxide films has an inhibiting effect. However, measurments of the decrease of the oxygen in the sodium showed that, due to the reaction with zirconium at 650°Ca technically useful Getter effect can be obtained.
    Notes: Das Korrosion- und Oxydationsver-halten von reinem Zirkonium und der Legierung Zircaloy-2 wird in einem Natriumskreislauf mit umgepumptem Natrium untersucht. Bei Temperaturen von 500 bis 600° wird das reine Metall wie auch die Legierung unter Bildung äußerer Oxidschichten und innerer Versprödungszonen oxydiert. Bei einen konstanten Sauerstoffgehalt von etwa 5ppm verlaufen die Reaktionen nach parabolischen Zeitgesetzen. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten sind Aktivierungsenergie von 40 kcal/Mol für Zirkonium.Die Zirkoniumlegierungen sind in reinem Natrium sehr beständig und geben praktisch kein Material an das strömende Natrium ab. In sauerstoffhaltigen Natrium ist die Angriffsgeschwindigkeit bis 550°C vertretbar klein.Für die Getterwirkung des Zirkoniums ist die Bildung von äußeren Oxidschichten hemmend. Messungen der Sauerstoffabnahme im Natrium konnten jedoch zeigen daßdurch die Reaktion mit Zirkonium bei 650°C ein technisch brauchbarer Gettereffekt erzielt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19700210705
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamische Korrosionsuntersuchungen in der eutektischen Blei-Lithium-Schmelze Pb-17Li (1989)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamic corrosion investigations in the eutectic lead-lithium melt Pb-17LiThe Pb-17Li circuit „PICOLO“ was constructed and commissioned in the Institute for Material and Solid State Research II of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. This circuit serves for corrosion tests with the martensitic steel 1.4914, which is under discussion for the application as structural material for a fusion reactor blanket. The design and the functions of the circuit are described. The experience which has been gained so far is principally favorable. A temperature of 500°C seems, however, to be the upper limit for the operation with the structural materials of the circuit. The corrosion of specimens and materials of the components becomes considerably high at higher temperatures; this has been seen to cause the plugging due to the precipitation of corrosion products. The results of the first test series are presented and discussed.
    Notes: Für Korrosionsuntersuchungen an dem martensitischen Stahl 1.4914, der als Blanketwerkstoff für einer Fusionsreaktor zur Diskussion steht, wurde im Institut für Material- und Festkörperforschung II des Kernforschungszentrums Karlsruhe der Kreislauf „PICOLO“ errichtet und mit der eutektischen Legierung Pb-17Li in Betrieb genommen.Der Kreislauf wird in seinem Aufbau und in seiner Wirkungsweise beschrieben. Die bisher gemachten Betriebserfahrungen sind positiv, allerdings zeichnet sich ab, daß die Temperatur von 500°C eine Obergrenze für die verwendeten Materialien darstellt. Bei höheren Temperaturen erreicht die Korrosion ein zu großes Ausmaß, und das kann zu Verstopfungen durch Korrosionsprodukte führen. Ergebnisse erster Versuchsreihen werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19890401004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosionsreaktionen sauerstoffempfindlicher Metalle in flüssigem Natrium mit Oxidgehalten. II Reaktionen von TitanErste Mitteilung: Reaktionen von Zirkonium und Zircalov-2 in Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970) Heft 7. (1971)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 46-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion reactions of oxygen-sensitive metals in liquid sodium containing oxides. II. Reactions of titaniumThe behaviour of Ti in oxide-containing Na is different from that of ferrous materials, because an oxide layer is formed which is maintained for an extended period of time; at the beginning it has a protective effect and also prevents grain boundary corrosion. By contrast to the behaviour of Zr no embrittlement effect due to oxygen is found with Ti. The scales are destroyed gradually and at a rate increasing with temperature; the mechanism is probably a five stage one with complex NaTi oxides being formed as intermediate products; in this respect the behaviour of Ti would closely resemble that of Cr. Above 5OO°C Ti can no longer be used with Na.
    Notes: Titan unterscheidet sich in seinem Verhalten gegen oxidhaltiges Na von Fe- Werkstoffen durch eine über längere Zeit beständige oxidische Deckschicht; diese wirkt zunächst schützend und verhindert auch Korngrenzenkorrosion. Im Gegensatz zu den Verhalten von Zr wird Ti nicht durch Sauerstoffaufnahme versprödet. Die Deckschichten werden jedoch allmählich und mit zunehmender Temperatur deutlich schneller, und zwar über einen wahrscheinlich fünfstufigen Reaktionsmechanismus aufgelöst, wobei komplexe NaTi-Oxide als Zwischenprodukte auftreten könnten; in dieser Hinsicht würde das Verhalten des Ti dem von Cr ähneln. Oberhalb von 5OO° ist Ti nicht mehr in Na einsetzbar.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19710220107
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  • 9
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    Transit detector for intermediate monitoring in time‐of‐flight mass analyzers (1994)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Bond disorder and breakdown of ballistic heat transport in the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain as seen in Ca-doped SrCuO_{2} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-10
    Description: Author(s): N. Hlubek, P. Ribeiro, R. Saint-Martin, S. Nishimoto, A. Revcolevschi, S.-L. Drechsler, G. Behr, J. Trinckauf, J. E. Hamann-Borrero, J. Geck, B. Büchner, and C. Hess [Phys. Rev. B 84, 214419] Published Fri Dec 09, 2011
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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