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  • 1
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    Rain volume estimation over areas using satellite and radar data (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The analysis of 18 convective clusters demonstrates that the extension of the Area-Time-Integral (ATI) technique to the use of satellite data is possible. The differences of the internal structures of the radar reflectivity features, and of the satellite features, give rise to differences in estimating rain volumes by delineating area; however, by focusing upon the area integrated over the lifetime of the storm, it is suggested that some of the errors produced by the differences in the cloud geometries as viewed by radar or satellite are minimized. The results are good and future developments should consider data from different climatic regions and should allow for implementation of the technique in a general circulation model.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-181115 , NAS 1.26:181115 , SDSMT/IAS/R-87/03
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A modified ATI technique for nowcasting convective rain volumes over areas (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper explores the applicability of the area-time-integral (ATI) technique for the estimation of the growth portion only of a convective storm (while the rain volume is computed using the entire life history of the event) and for nowcasting the total rain volume of a convective system at the stage of its maximum development. For these purposes, the ATIs were computed from the digital radar data (for 1981-1982) from the North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, using the maximum echo area (ATIA) no less than 25 dBz, the maximum reflectivity, and the maximum echo height as the end of the growth portion of the convective event. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that correlations between total rain volume or the maximum rain volume versus ATIA were the strongest. The uncertainties obtained were comparable to the uncertainties which typically occur in rain volume estimates obtained from radar data employing Z-R conversion followed by space and time integration. This demonstrates that the total rain volume of a storm can be nowcasted at its maximum stage of development.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 27; 491-502
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The area-time-integral technique to estimate convective rain volumes over areas applied to satellite data - A preliminary investigation (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The use of the area-time-integral (ATI) technique, based only on satellite data, to estimate convective rain volume over a moving target is examined. The technique is based on the correlation between the radar echo area coverage integrated over the lifetime of the storm and the radar estimated rain volume. The processing of the GOES and radar data collected in 1981 is described. The radar and satellite parameters for six convective clusters from storm events occurring on June 12 and July 2, 1981 are analyzed and compared in terms of time steps and cluster lifetimes. Rain volume is calculated by first using the regression analysis to generate the regression equation used to obtain the ATI; the ATI versus rain volume relation is then employed to compute rain volume. The data reveal that the ATI technique using satellite data is applicable to the calculation of rain volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 26; 156-169
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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