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  • 1
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    Hydrogeological characterisation of regional faults and dolerite dykes in the Precambrian Basement and Karoo Supergroup (Tete Province, Mozambique) (2019)
    Geological Society of South Africa
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: Faults and dolerite dykes within Basement- and Karoo-aquifers in northern Mozambique may increase groundwater occurrence but may also be barriers to groundwater flow. Should observation boreholes drilled into regional and local faults as well as dykes show a response to aquifer testing, it would be deduced that these hydrogeological discontinuities are not barriers to groundwater flow. The approach adopted for this study included a sequential process involving data acquisition through a hydrogeological fieldwork programme consisting of geophysical surveys, borehole drilling, aquifer testing, and groundwater level monitoring. The Zambezi Border and geological contact faults were characterised by high variability in hydraulic properties. Aquifer testing resulted in drawdown in observation boreholes as well as a reduction in piezometric surface in the installed vibrating wire piezometers located in different aquifer units, indicating the Zambezi Border- and geological contact-faults were not barriers to groundwater flow. Not all the northwest-southeast trending dykes acted as barriers to groundwater flow, as there were discreet intervals with relatively high permeability present.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-8590
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of South Africa
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  • 2
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    Mechanical and hydraulic properties of residual dolomite and wad (2019)
    Geological Society of South Africa
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: The properties of residual dolomite, sometimes termed wad, are variable and uncertain. It represents the insoluble residue after dissolution of dolomite and is commonly found in the Neoarchaean Malmani Subgroup of the Chuniespoort Group (South Africa). This study comprised triaxial tests, crumb tests, X-Ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy, foundation indicators, stereo-microscope imagery and permeability testing of the represented formations outcropping in the northeastern portions of South Africa. Results concur that residual dolomite is not typically dispersive, has low density that can be below that of water, mostly grades in the silt fraction, has high plasticity indices with low to high liquid limits, and has hydraulic conductivities in the order of 1x10-6 m/s. This new knowledge database contributes to our understanding of the flow through these systems and to how ingress scenario subsidences and sinkholes can possibly occur.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-8590
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of South Africa
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  • 3
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    South African Hydrostratigraphy: A conceptual framework (2019)
    Geological Society of South Africa
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-01
    Description: South African geology, geomorphology and climate are distinctly variable, resulting in a complex hydrological cycle superimposed on equally complex ground conditions. With fractured and karstic systems dominating the hydrogeology, thick vadose zones comprising soil and rock and at highly variable moisture conditions contribute to complex hydrostratigraphic systems comprising various confining and hydraulically connected units. This paper proposed standard terminology for basic concepts pertaining to the description of ground and water in the subsurface to eventually propose a hydrostratigraphic classification based on abiotic factors fairly constant over short periods of time (geology, geomorphology and climate), as well as those temporally highly variable (climate) and those introduced by human involvement (society). Ten major hydrostratigraphic units are eventually described, namely the Cape Fold Belt, Kalahari Desert, Witwatersrand Supergroup, Malmani Subgroup, Cenozoic Coastal Deposits, Saldanian Basement, Karoo Main Basin, Namaqua-Natal Metamorphics, Waterberg Group, and Archaean Granitoids.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-8590
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of South Africa
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