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  • 1
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    A Generalization of the Double-Corner-Frequency Source Spectral Model and Its Use in the SCEC BBP Validation Exercise (2014)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: The stochastic method of simulating ground motions requires the specification of the shape and scaling with magnitude of the source spectrum. The spectral models commonly used are either single-corner-frequency or double-corner-frequency models, but the latter have no flexibility to vary the high-frequency spectral levels for a specified seismic moment. Two generalized double-corner-frequency 2 source spectral models are introduced, one in which two spectra are multiplied together and another where they are added. Both models have a low-frequency dependence controlled by the seismic moment and a high-frequency spectral level controlled by the seismic moment and a stress parameter. A wide range of spectral shapes can be obtained from these generalized spectral models, which makes them suitable for inversions of data to obtain spectral models that can be used in ground-motion simulations in situations in which adequate data are not available for purely empirical determinations of ground motions, such as in stable continental regions. As an example of the use of the generalized source spectral models, data from up to 40 stations from seven events, plus response spectra at two distances and two magnitudes from recent ground-motion prediction equations, were inverted to obtain the parameters controlling the spectral shapes, as well as a finite-fault factor that is used in point-source, stochastic-method simulations of ground motion. The fits to the data are comparable to or even better than those from finite-fault simulations, even for sites close to large earthquakes.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    Very high rate (10 Hz) GPS seismology for moderate-magnitude earthquakes: The case of theMw6.3 L'Aquila (central Italy) event (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-08
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    A Stochastic Estimate of Ground Motion at Oceano, California, for the M 6.5 22 December 2003 San Simeon Earthquake, Derived from Aftershock Recordings (2006)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-01
    Description: The U.S. Geological Survey deployed a digital seismic station in Oceano, California, in February 2004, to investigate the cause of damage and liquefaction from the 22 December 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon earthquake. This station recorded 11 M〉2.8 aftershocks in almost 8 weeks. We analyze these recordings, together with recordings of the mainshock and the same aftershocks obtained from nearby stations in Park Hill and San Luis Obispo, to estimate the mainshock ground motion in Oceano. We estimate the Fourier amplitude spectrum using generalized spectral ratio analysis. We test a set of aftershocks as Green"s functions by comparing simulated and recorded acceleration amplitude spectra for the mainshock at San Luis Obispo and Park Hill. We convolve the aftershock accelerograms with a stochastic operator to simulate the duration and phase of the mainshock accelerograms. This approximation allows us to extend the range of aftershocks that can be used as Green's functions to events nearly three magnitude units smaller than the mainshock. Our realizations for the mainshock accelerogram at Oceano yield peak ground accelerations distributed as 28%+ or -4% g. We interpret these realizations as upper bounds for the actual ground motion, because our analysis assumes a linear response, whereas the presence of liquefaction indicates that the ground behaved nonlinearly in Oceano.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 4
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    Predominant-Period Site Classification for Response Spectra Prediction Equations in Italy (2012)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-29
    Description: We propose a site-classification scheme based on the predominant period of the site, as determined from the average horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios of ground motion. Our scheme extends Zhao et al. (2006) classifications by adding two classes, the most important of which is defined by flat H/V ratios with amplitudes less than 2. The proposed classification is investigated by using 5%-damped response spectra from Italian earthquake records. We select a dataset of 602 three-component analog and digital recordings from 120 earthquakes recorded at 214 seismic stations within a hypocentral distance of 200 km. Selected events are in the moment-magnitude range 4.0〈 or =M (sub w) 〈 or =6.8 and focal depths from a few kilometers to 46 km. We computed H/V ratios for these data and used them to classify each site into one of six classes. We then investigate the impact of this classification scheme on empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) by comparing its performance with that of the conventional rock/soil classification. Although the adopted approach results in only a small reduction of the overall standard deviation, the use of H/V spectral ratios in site classification does capture the signature of sites with flat frequency-response, as well as deep and shallow-soil profiles, characterized by long- and short-period resonance, respectively; in addition, the classification scheme is relatively quick and inexpensive, which is an advantage over schemes based on measurements of shear-wave velocity. Online Material: Tables of parameters defining the ground motion prediction equations, and figures of H/V spectral ratios, intraevent residuals, and spectral amplitudes.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 5
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    A Generalization of the Double-Corner-Frequency Source Spectral Model and Its Use in the SCEC BBP Validation Exercise (2014)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: The stochastic method of simulating ground motions requires the specification of the shape and scaling with magnitude of the source spectrum. The spectral models commonly used are either single-corner-frequency or double-corner-frequency models, but the latter have no flexibility to vary the high-frequency spectral levels for a specified seismic moment. Two generalized double-corner-frequency omega (super 2) source spectral models are introduced, one in which two spectra are multiplied together and another where they are added. Both models have a low-frequency dependence controlled by the seismic moment and a high-frequency spectral level controlled by the seismic moment and a stress parameter. A wide range of spectral shapes can be obtained from these generalized spectral models, which makes them suitable for inversions of data to obtain spectral models that can be used in ground-motion simulations in situations in which adequate data are not available for purely empirical determinations of ground motions, such as in stable continental regions. As an example of the use of the generalized source spectral models, data from up to 40 stations from seven events, plus response spectra at two distances and two magnitudes from recent ground-motion prediction equations, were inverted to obtain the parameters controlling the spectral shapes, as well as a finite-fault factor that is used in point-source, stochastic-method simulations of ground motion. The fits to the data are comparable to or even better than those from finite-fault simulations, even for sites close to large earthquakes.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 6
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    Revised seismic classification of the ITACA stations, according to the EC8 and the Italian norms site classes (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The activities carried out within Task 2 aim to collect, organize and synthesize geological, geomorphological, geotechnical and geophysical data for the location site of the Accelerometric National Network (RAN) stations in Italy, managed by the Department of Civil Protection, to improve the knowledge about the subsoil (see Delverable D05) and to permit a subsoil and topographic site classification based on EC8 categories. At the end of the project the subsoil of 695 stations have been classified using an hybrid approch, based on surface geology, spectral classification and Vs profils from different recording tecniques (DH, CH, MASW, ESAC). These activities have been useful to link the ITACA database with the software REXEL to select natural accelerograms, compatible with Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni (NTC2008) and EUROCODE 8 (EC8) spectra, which may also reflect characteristics of the source in terms of magnitude and epicentral distance. For 688 station sites have been provided also a topographic classification using a GIS based semiautomatic method with “by-hand” corrections using topographic maps and/or Google Earth software. A Microsoft Excel Database which also allows to track all changes that have been made since the beginning of the project related to the site classification has been developed.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: site classification ; accelerometric stations ; ITACA database ; EC8 ; Italian seismic norms ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
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    Predominant-period site classification for response spectra prediction equations in Italy (2012)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: We propose a site-classification scheme based on the predominant period of the site, as determined from the average horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios of ground motion. Our scheme extends Zhao et al.(2006) classifications by adding two classes, the most important of which is defined by flat H/V ratios with amplitudes less than 2. The proposed classification is investigated by using 5%-damped response spectra from Italian earthquake records. We select a dataset of 602 three-component analog and digital recordings from 120 earthquakes recorded at 214 seismic stations within a hypocentral distance of 200 km. Selected events are in the moment-magnituderange 4.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.8 and focal depths from a few kilometers to 46 km. We computed H/V ratios for these data and used them to classify each site into one of six classes. We then investigate the impact of this classification scheme on empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) by comparing its performance with that of the conventional rock/soil classification. Although the adopted approach results in only a small reduction of the overall standard deviation, the use of H/V spectral ratios in site classification does capture the signature of sites with flat frequency-response, as well as deep and shallow-soil profiles, characterized by long- and short-period resonance, respectively; in addition, the classification scheme is relatively quick and inexpensive, which is an advantage over schemes based on measurements of shear wave velocity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12-36
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: site effects, site classification, predictive equations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    A Stochastic Estimate of Ground Motion at Oceano, California, for the M 6.5 22 December 2003 San Simeon Earthquake, Derived from Aftershock Recordings (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The U.S. Geological Survey deployed a digital seismic station in Oceano, California, in February 2004, to investigate the cause of damage and liquefaction from the 22 December 2003 Mw 6.5 San Simeon earthquake. This station recorded 11 Mw 2.8 aftershocks in almost 8 weeks. We analyze these recordings, together with recordings of the mainshock and the same aftershocks obtained from nearby stations in Park Hill and San Luis Obispo, to estimate the mainshock ground motion in Oceano. We estimate the Fourier amplitude spectrum using generalized spectral ratio analysis. We test a set of aftershocks as Green’s functions by comparing simulated and recorded acceleration amplitude spectra for the mainshock at San Luis Obispo and Park Hill. We convolve the aftershock accelerograms with a stochastic operator to simulate the duration and phase of the mainshock accelerograms. This approximation allows us to extend the range of aftershocks that can be used as Green’s functions to events nearly three magnitude units smaller than the mainshock. Our realizations for the mainshock accelerogram at Oceano yield peak ground accelerations distributed as 28% +/- 4%g. We interpret these realizations as upper bounds for the actual ground motion, because our analysis assumes a linear response, whereas the presence of liquefaction indicates that the ground behaved nonlinearly in Oceano.
    Description: U.S.G.S University of Naples “Federico II” University of Rome “La Sapienza,”
    Description: Published
    Description: 1437–1447
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stochastic, ; simulation, ; ground motion, ; spectral ratio ; Green’s function ; earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    On the reliability of long period response spectral ordinates from digital accelerograms (2008)
    WILEY
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Using records from co-located broad-band and digital strong motion instruments, it is first shown that the displacement waveforms obtained by double integration of the accelerogram need not be free of unrealistic baseline drift to yield reliable spectral ordinates up to at least 10 s. Secondly, to provide objective criteria for selecting reliable digital strong motion records for ground motion predictions at long periods, a set of synthetic accelerograms contaminated by random long period noise has been used and the difference between the original accelerograms and the spurious ones in terms of response spectra has been quantified, by introducing a noise index that can be easily calculated based on the velocity waveform of the record. The results of this study suggest that high-pass filtering the digital acceleration record from a cut-off period selected to suppress baseline drifts on the displacement waveform appears to be in most cases too conservative and unduly depletes reliable information on long period spectral ordinates
    Description: Italian seismological project S5 (Definizione dell'input sismico sulla base degli spostamenti attesi) of the 2006-07 DPC-INGV research programs
    Description: Published
    Description: 697-710
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: displacement response spectra ; long period noise ; digital accelerograms ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Very high rate (10 Hz) GPS seismology for moderate-magnitude earthquakes: The case of theMw6.3 L'Aquila (central Italy) event (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The 2009 April 6th Mw 6.3 L'Aquila destructive earthquake was successfully recorded by closely 23 spaced 10-Hz and 1-Hz recording GPS receivers and strong motion accelerometers located above or 24 close to the 50° dipping activated fault. We retrieved both static and dynamic displacements from 25 Very High-Rate GPS (VHRGPS) recordings by using Precise Point Positioning kinematic analysis. 26 We compared the GPS positions time series with the closest displacement time series obtained by 27 doubly-integrating strong motion data, first, to assess the GPS capability to detect the first seismic 28 arrivals (P waves) and, secondly, to evaluate the accelerometers capability to detect co-seismic 29 offsets up to ~45 s after the earthquake occurrence. By comparing seismic and VHRGPS frequency 30 contents, we inferred that GPS sampling rates greater than 2.5 Hz (i.e. 5 or 10 Hz) are required in 31 the near-field of moderate magnitude events to provide “alias-free” solutions of coseismic dynamic 32 displacements. Finally, we assessed the consistency of the dynamic VHRGPS results as a constraint 33 on the kinematic rupture history of the mainshock. These results suggested that the high-rate 34 sampling GPS sites in the near field can be as useful as strong motion station for earthquake source 35 studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02305
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 10 Hz GPS seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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