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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megagametophyte containing Twin Ova (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 880-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the present report two well developed ova, each associated with two polar nuclei, were observed in a single macrogametophyte of Phalaris tuberosa var. Stenoptera Hack (Fig. 1). The phenomenon was of low frequency, being observed only once in 227 sectioned megagameto-phytes collected from five ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/228880a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rj4 allele in soybean represses nodulation by chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia classified as DNA homology group II by antibiotic resistance profiles (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Coevolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To determine the relationship between nodulation restriction by the Rj4 allele of soybean, rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis, and taxonomic grouping of bradyrhizobia, 119 bradyrhizobial isolates were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response and chlorosis induction. In addition to strain USDA 61, the strain originally reported as defining the Rj4 response, eight other isolates (i.e., USDA 62, 83, 94, 238, 252, 259, 260, and 340) were discovered to elicit the nodulation interdiction of the Rj4 allele. Only 16% of all the bradyrhizobial strains tested induced chlorosis, but seven of the nine strains (78%) interdicted by the Rj4 allele were chlorosis-inducing strains. Furthermore, in tests for antibiotic resistance profile, eight of the nine interdicted strains (89%) were classed in DNA homology group II. This evidence suggests that the Rj4 allele has a positive value to the host plant in shielding it from nodulation by certain chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia of a DNA homology group with impaired efficiency of nitrogen fixation with soybean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage of the Fr2 locus controlling soybean root fluorescence and four loci detected by RFLP markers (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1993), S. 921-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215029
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers located proximal to the soybean cyst nematode resistance gene, Rhg4 (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222850
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers residing close to the Rhg4 locus conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 3 on linkage group A of soybean (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 1047-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Soybean cyst nematode resistance ; Molecular markers ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) clone pBLT65 is a 450-nt soybean cDNA encoding a portion of the bifunctional enzyme aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase (AK-HSDH). pBLT65 maps within 3.5 cM of the i locus, conferring a pigmented seed coat, on linkage group A; hence, it is closely linked to the Rhg 4 locus conferring resistance to race 3 of the soybean cyst nematode. From this useful RFLP we developed a PCR reaction yielding polymorphic bands for use in marker-assisted breeding programs to select progeny containing the Rhg 4 allele. The polymorphic bands were sequenced to determine the cause of the polymorphisms. Using primers 548 and 563, PCR amplification of DNA from the soybean cultivar Peking (Rhg 4 ) yielded three DNA fragments, 1a (1160 bp), 1b (1146 bp) and 3 (996 bp). Amplification of DNA from the cultivar Kent (rhg 4) yielded DNA fragments 2 (1020 bp), 3 (996 bp) and 4 (960 bp). Fragments 1a, 1b, 2 and 4 were also polymorphic between the soybean lines PI 290136 and BARC-2(Rj 4 ). A segregating population of 80 F2 and F3 plants derived from the cross PI 290136×BARC-2 (Rj 4 ) was used to confirm the map position of the PCR polymorphisms near the i locus, and hence the Rhg 4 locus on linkage group A. The nucleotide sequences of fragments 1b, 3 and 4 were determined. Large and small deletions in the intronic region were responsible for the size differences of the different fragments, whereas the exon was well conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050990
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic allelism and linkage tests of a soybean gene, Rfg1, controlling nodulation with Rhizobium fredii strain USDA 205 (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 158 (1994), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: fast-growing rhizobia ; genetics ; nitrogen fixation ; soybean ; symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A soybean gene, Rfg1, controlling nodulation with strain USDA 205, the type strain for the fast-growing species Rhizobium fredii, was tested for allelism with the Rj4 gene. The Rj4 gene conditions ineffective nodulation primarily with certain strains of the slow-growing soybean microsymbiont, Bradyrhizobium elkanii. The F2 seeds of the cross of the cultivars Peking, carrying the alleles rfg1, Rj4, i (controlling inhibition of seed coat color) and W1 (controlling flower color), and Kent, carrying the alleles Rfg1, rj4, i-i and w1, were evaluated for nodulation response with strain USDA 205 by planting surface disinfested seeds in sterilized vermiculite in growth trays and inoculating with a stationary phase broth culture of strain USDA 205 at planting. Plants were classified for nodulation response visually after four weeks growth and transplanted to the field for F3 seed production. Flower color, purple (W1) vs white (w1), was determined in the field. The allele present at the i locus was determined by classification of F3 seed coat color. The F3 seeds were planted in growth trays and inoculated with strain USDA 61 of Bradyrhizobium elkanii to determine the genotype for the Rj4 locus. The Rfg1 and Rj4 genes were determined to be located at separate loci. Chi-square analysis for linkage indicated that Rfg1 segregated independently of the Rj4, I and W1 loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007916
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; legumes ; nitrogen fixation ; Nod Factors ; nodulation ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genes controlling nitrogen-fixing symbioses of legumes with specialized bacteria known as rhizobia are presumably the products of many millions of years of evolution. Different adaptative solutions evolved in response to the challenge of survival in highly divergent complexes of symbionts. Whereas efficiency of nitrogen fixation appears to be controlled by quantitative inheritance, genes controlling nodulation are qualitatively inherited. Genes controlling nodulation include those for non-nodulation, those that restrict certain microsymbionts, and those conditioning hypernodulation, or supernodulation. Some genes are naturally occurring polymorphisms, while others were induced or were the result of spontaneous mutations. The geographic patterns of particular alleles indicate the role of coevolution in determining symbiont specificites and compatibilities. For example, the Rj4 allele occurs with higher frequency (over 50%) among the soybean (G. max) from Southeast Asia. DNA homology studies of strains of Bradyrhizobium that nodulate soybean indicated two groups so distinct as to warrant classification as two species. Strains producing rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occur only in Group II, now classified as B. elkanii. Unlike B. japonicum, B. elkanii strains are characterized by (1) the ability to nodulate the rj1 genotype, (2) the formation of nodule-like structures on peanut, (3) a relatively high degree of ex planta nitrogenase activity, (4) distinct extracellular polysaccharide composition, (5) distinct fatty acid composition, (6) distinct antibiotic resistance profiles, and (7) low DNA homology with B. japonicum. Analysis with soybean lines near isogenic for the Rj4 versus rj4 alleles indicated that the Rj4 allele excludes a high proportion of B. elkanii strains and certain strains of B. japonicum such as strain USDA62 and three serogroup 123 strains. These groups, relatively inefficient in nitrogen fixation with soybean, tend to predominate in soybean nodules from many US soils. The Rj4 allele, the most common allelic form in the wild species, has a positive value for the host plants in protecting them from nodulation by rhizobia poorly adapted for symbiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035072
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic specificity of nodulation (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 527-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; Rhizobium japonicum ; rhizobitoxine ; nodulation ; genetic specifity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A genetic system is proposed for establishing desirable strains of Rhizobium japonicum in soybean fields against the competition of aggressive but less productive indigenous strains. This system requires soybean cultivars which substantially exclude the indigenous strains while selectively admitting specific introduced strains. Rhizobium strains were identified which were infective, both in sand and in soil culture, with a host genotype (rj1rj1) which excludes most indigenous strains. Rhizobium infectivity was associated, for the first time, with the propensity to induce symptoms caused by rhizobitoxine production by the bacteria. The basis of this association is unknown. A possible enabling role for rhizobitoxine, or a precursor or derivative of rhizobitoxine, in the infection process is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near isogenic lines of soybeans as tools to identify nodulation specificmutants of Bradyrhizobium elkanii (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: genetics ; ineffective nodulation ; mutants ; nitrogen fixation ; symbiosis ; Rj4 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dominant allele Rj4 in soybean interdicts or restricts the nodulation of plants by certain strains of bacteria, most of which are classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, while the recessive allele permits normal nodulation with the same strains. The near isogenic lines BARC-2 (Rj4) and BARC-3 (rj4) are calculated to be 99.95% identical in their nuclear DNA, but differ specifically in the allele present at the Rj4 locus. These lines were used to identify spontaneous mutants of the Rj4-restricted Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain USDA 61 Nalr that had the ability to effectively nodulate plants of the Rj4 genotype. Of the eight rare nodules found on roots of soybean plants of the Rj4 genotype inoculated with the genetically marked strain USDA 61 Nalr, four were identified as containing mutants with the ability to overcome the effects of the Rj4 allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of alfalfa strains with differential tolerance to aluminum toxicity (1976)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 44 (1976), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aluminum toxicity limits root growth in acid subsoils that are difficult to lime. An alternative to subsoil liming is the development of plants having greater tolerance to Al. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered an Al-susceptible species. Preliminary studies indicated that alfalfa cultivars differ in Al tolerance, but the extreme plant-to-plant variation within cultivars prevented the establishment of clearcut cultivar differences. Tolerant and susceptible plants were selected from each of six cultivars (‘DuPuits’, ‘Atlantic’, ‘Team’, ‘Buffalo’, ‘Grimm’, and ‘Sirsa 9’) grown on an Al-toxic Bladen soil at pH 4.1 to 4.3. The tolerant selections were repotted and interpollinated to form one population of polycross seed. Susceptible selections were treated similarly to form a second population. These two populations, tolerant and susceptible, were subjected to an additional cycle of recurrent phenotypic selection for tolerance and susceptibility, respectively, to Al-toxic Bladen soil at pH 4.6. Plants from the population selected for tolerance to the acid Bladen soil were significantly higher in both root and top vigor on Al-toxic Tatum soil than plants from the population selected for susceptibility. The results indicated that Al tolerance is a heritable trait in these alfalfa populations and that recurrent selection can be used effectively to develop strains having differential tolerance to Al-toxic soils. The observation that only 2% of the plants from the tolerant population were in the most tolerant class suggests a good opportunity for more progress in selecting toward Al tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016956
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