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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York, NY : Ronald Pr.
    Call number: G 5732
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 532 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tulsa, Okla. : American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 1.2/SR 90.0096(7)
    In: Memoir
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 196 S. : graph. Darst
    Series Statement: AAPG memoir 7
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5195-5202 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used optical second-harmonic generation to study surface molecular order in a liquid-crystal (4′-n-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl, or 8CB) on shear-deposited polymer films. The films are highly oriented layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), with a surface topology of uniaxially aligned nanoscale ridges and grooves, which are used as versatile substrates for oriented growth and alignment of other materials. In nematic 8CB cells made with either polymer, the surface monolayers of 8CB were aligned along the polymer orientation axis, and showed C2ν symmetry. In the isotropic phase, the surface monolayer alignment in these cells was lost. Monolayers of 8CB evaporated onto either polymer showed little or no alignment. These data indicate that the PTFE and HDPE films do not produce the strong epitaxylike alignment seen on some cloth-rubbed polymer surfaces. Instead, alignment appears to be primarily caused by surface ridges through an elastic, bulk-mediated mechanism. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 43 (1951), S. 771-778 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The heterotrimeric G-protein Gs couples cell-surface receptors to the activation of adenylyl cyclases and cyclic AMP production (reviewed in refs 1, 2). RGS proteins, which act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for the G-protein α-subunits ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 364-364 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These points must be borne in mind when seeking evidence for or against Earth expansion and con-tinental ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 68 (1995), S. 319-346 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nonsmooth optimization ; Trust region methods ; global convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the global convergence of trust region (TR) methods for solving nonsmooth minimization problems. For a class of nonsmooth objective functions called regular functions, conditions are found on the TR local models that imply three fundamental convergence properties. These conditions are shown to be satisfied by appropriate forms of Fletcher's TR method for solving constrained optimization problems, Powell and Yuan's TR method for solving nonlinear fitting problems, Zhang, Kim and Lasdon's successive linear programming method for solving constrained problems, Duff, Nocedal and Reid's TR method for solving systems of nonlinear equations, and El Hallabi and Tapia's TR method for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Thus our results can be viewed as a unified convergence theory for TR methods for nonsmooth problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 50 (1960), S. 554-577 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Appalachians, as a geological unit, extend from northern Alabama to Newfoundland. The main phase of orogeny in the whole belt, notwithstanding its name, is now understood to be Acadian (Bretonic). Only the Vermont sector of this deformed belt is considered here. The movement pattern in Vermont as revealed by minor structures is displayed to tell its own story: In the Green Mountains, bedding schistosity (s 1) associated with down-dip minor folds indicates stretching, implying that updoming was the deforming mechanism of the anticlinorium. Farther west, the same schistosity becomes “axial plane” cleavage to folds which face west. A later rotational cleavage (s 3) in the Green Mountains is steep and is associated with shear folding. Farther east a zone of gneiss domes and arches extends parallel to the Connecticut and Passumpsic rivers; enveloping cleavage (s 2) and down-dip facing minor folds here indicate passive flowage of the sedimentary mantle away from the crest of the arch. Hence the overall tectonic pattern in Vermont seems to emphasize vertical movement as the primary cause of orogenic deformation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Appalachen, als geologische Einheit, erstrecken sich vom nördlichen Alabama bis Neufundland. Der Hauptakt des gesamten Orogens wird heute als akadisch (bretonisch) angesehen. Hier betrachtet ist vor allem der Sektor, welcher sich im Staate Vermont befindet. Das Bewegungsbild in Vermont ist aus kleintektonischen Beobachtungen entstanden. In den Green Mountains deutet schichtparallele Schieferung (s 1), mit Fältelungsachsen im Fallen dieser Schieferung, auf Streckung. Dies läßt auf Aufwölbung als Faltungsmechanismus des Antiklinoriums schließen. Weiter westlich geht die gleiche Schieferung in Achsenflächenschieferung mit Westvergenz über. Eine spätere rotationale Schieferungsphase (s 3) in den Green Mountains steht steil und ist Ursache einer Scherfaltung. Östlich der Green Mountains erstreckt sich eine Reihe von Gneisdomen und Wölbungen; eine umschmiegende Schieferung (s 2) und die Vergenz der zugehörigen Kleinfaltung deuten hier auf ein relatives, passives Abgleiten des Sedimentmantels zur Zeit der Aufwölbung. Das Gesamtbild in Vermont betont daher Vertikalbewegung als Verformungsursache.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 71 (1982), S. 421-426 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the 1870s, theories of mountain building emerged from little more than speculation to inference based on a growing body of observation and documentation. This coincided with abandonment of models stressing uplift, and their replacement, in the new orthodoxy, by models in which earth contraction led to lateral compression in its outer shell. Nevertheless, perceived weaknesses in this model gave impetus to new theories, some emphasizing primary vertical movement, and others continental displacement or subcrustal flow. The rebel theories added to the understanding of earth processes in important ways, by drawing attention to the weaknesses in the prevailing orthodoxy. But, in 1922, the complete answer remained out of reach.
    Abstract: Résumé C'est dans les années 1870–1880 que commençaient à s'établir les premières théories vraiment scientifiques de l'orogenèse. C'était la décade qui marqua l'abandon des théories à base de soulèvement et le début du règne de la nouvelle orthodoxie d'après laquelle la contraction de la terre mène à la compression latérale d'une pellicule extérieure. Néansmoins, certaines faiblesses du nouveau modèle servaient d'élan à des théories rebelles dont quelques-unes soulignaient l'importance des soulèvements primaires, tandisque d'autres cherchaient le moteur de l'orogenèse dans la dérive des continents ou dans des courants dans une masse quasi-fluide subcrustale. Ces théories rebelles ont avancé la science en soulignant les faiblesses de l'orthodoxie. En fin de compte, une solution complètement satisfaisante ne paraissait pas encore pouvoir être atteinte à l'époque d'Argand.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die siebziger Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts brachten den Anfang von wissenschaftlich fundierten Theorien der Gebirgsbildung. Diese Zeit sah auch den Übergang von Erhebungstheorien zur neuen Lehrmeinung, nach welcher Erdkontraktion zu lateralen Drucken in der Außenhülle der Erde führte. Erkannte Schwächen dieses Modells führten jedoch zu neuen Gegentheorien, von denen einige primäre Vertikalbewegungen in den Vordergrund stellten, während andere Kontinentalverschiebung oder Unterströmungen als den Motor der Gebirgsbildung sahen. Diese Gegentheorien haben den Fortschritt der Erdwissenschaften gefördert, indem sie auf Schwächen der herrschenden Lehrmeinung aufmerksam machten. Aber selbst zu Argands Zeit war ein völlig befriedigendes Modell noch gar nicht erreichbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 59 (1969), S. 222-228 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Joints and faults are commonly regarded as genetically related. Recent investigations, however, tend to bring out a fundamental genetic distinction: Common joints form by brittle fracture following elastic deformation; faults result from ductile fracture. Moreover, faults and related joints are restricted to narrow zones and rarely conform with preexisting fabric, while common joints are regionally pervasive and are fabric controlled. When evaluating fracture analyses, therefore, the genetic distinction between common joints and faults must be borne in mind.
    Abstract: Résumé On croit souvent devoir mettre en relation génétique joints et failles. Des études récentes permettent d'y voir une distinction. Les joints banaux proviennent d'une rupture cassante, à la suite d'une déformation élastique. Les failles suivent une rupture plastique. En plus, les failles et les joints qui leur sont apparentés sont restreints à des zones plus ou moins étroites et se conforment rarement à la structure interne de la roche, trandis que les joints banaux ont une distribution régionale, et sont liés à la structure interne. L'analyse des ruptures géologiques doit, par conséquent, tenir compte d'une distinction fondamentale entre joints banaux, et joints apparentés aux failles.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Oft wird zwischen Klüften und Verschiebungen ein genetischer Zusammenhang gesehen. Neuere Untersuchungen lassen einen grundsätzlichen Unterschied erkennen: Die gemeinen Klüfte entstehen durch spröden Bruch im Anschluß an eine elastische Deformation; Verschiebungen und ihnen zugeordnete Klüfte gehen zumeist aus einer plastischen Deformation hervor. Auch sind Verschiebungen an begrenzte Zonen gebunden und meist gefügefremd, obwohl sie sich bestehenden Kluftsystemen anpassen können. Die Systeme der gemeinen Klüfte sind dagegen fast gleichmäßig auf weite Bereiche verteilt und passen sich dem bestehenden Gesteinsgefüge an. Zur Deutung der Bruchtektonik sollten deshalb klufttektonische Analysen nur mit äußerster Vorsicht herangezogen werden.
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