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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold-induced repression of the rice anther-specific cell wall invertase gene OSINV4 is correlated with sucrose accumulation and pollen sterility (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Low temperatures during rice (Oryza sativa L.) pollen development cause pollen sterility and decreased grain yield. We show that the time of highest sensitivity to cold coincides with the time of peak tapetal activity: the transition of the tetrad to early uni-nucleate stage (young microspore, YM stage). Low temperatures at this stage of pollen development result in an accumulation of sucrose in the anthers, accompanied by decreased activity of cell wall bound acid invertase and depletion of starch in mature pollen grains. Expression analysis of two cell wall (OSINV1, 4) and one vacuolar (OSINV2) acid invertase genes showed that OSINV4 is anther-specific and down-regulated by cold treatment. OSINV4 is transiently expressed in the tapetum cell layer at the YM stage, and later from the early binucleate stage in the maturing microspores. The down-regulation of OSINV4 expression in the tapetum at YM may cause a disruption in hexose production and starch formation in the pollen grains. In a cold-tolerant cultivar, OSINV4 expression was not reduced by cold; sucrose did not accumulate in the anthers and starch formation in the pollen grains was not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01390.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functioning haemoglobin genes in non-nodulating plants (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 178-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have searched for haemoglobin genes in a number of plant species. Using a soybean haemoglobin complementary DNA probe, we were unable to detect (because of sequence divergence) the haemoglobin gene sequence even in Parasponia, a nodulating species known to produce haemoglobin6. We were able to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331178a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common evolutionary origin of legume and non-legume plant haemoglobins (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A number of plants outside the legume families are known to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules in symbiotic association with Rhizobium6 or actinomycetes7. Haemoglobin has been detected in nodules of several non-legume plants1'2 and characterized from Parasponia (Ulmaceae)8'9 and Casuarina ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324166a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the ADH1-C m allele of maize (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; intragenic recombination ; restriction site polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Adh1-C mallele and each gene in the Adh1-FC mduplication have been cloned and restriction-mapped. Of the C mallele 6 kb was sequenced. A single amino acid substitution of aspartate for tyrosine at residue 52 accounts for the altered enzymatic properties of the C mprotein. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence to that of Adh1-1F and Adh1-1S shows structural and restriction site polymorphisms in the 3′ flanking DNA. C mlacks the insertion sequence present in 1F and 1S and contains a complex sequence composed of two direct repeats and an inverted repeat. The two genes of the duplication allele have similar restriction maps to C mand each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016138
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a bacterial gene in transgenic tobacco plants confers resistance to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ; detoxification ; herbicide resistance ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants resistant to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were produced through the genetic engineering of a novel detoxification pathway into the cells of a species normally sensitive to 2,4-D. We cloned the gene for 2,4-D monooxygenase, the first enzyme in the plasmid-encoded 2,4-D degradative pathway of the bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus, into a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter expression vector and introduced it into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the highest levels of the monooxygenase enzyme exhibited increased tolerance to 2,4-D in leaf disc and seed germination assays, and young plants survived spraying with levels of herbicide up to eight times the usual field application rate. The introduction of the gene for 2,4-D monooxygenase into broad-leaved crop plants, such as cotton, should eventually allow 2,4-D to be used as an inexpensive post-emergence herbicide on economically important dicot crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional properties of the anaerobic responsive element of the maize Adh1 gene (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 593-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: transcription ; promoter ; anaerobic stress ; anaerobic responsive element ; alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The functional properties of the anaerobic responsive element (ARE) of the maize Adh1 gene have been analysed using a transient expression assay in electroporated maize protoplasts. The ARE functions in both orientations although inversion of the ARE sequence relative to the TATA box element produces slightly weaker promoter activity under anaerobic conditions and elevated expression under aerobic conditions. Promoter activity under anaerobic conditions is proportional to the number of complete ARE sequences in the Adh1 promotor. The ARE contains two sub-regions and dimers of sub-region II are as efficient as the wild-type sequence in activating gene expression under anaerobic conditions. However, sub-region I dimers do not appear capable of inducing gene expression in response to anaerobic stress. We conclude that sub-region II is essential for anaerobic induction of gene expression. Reporter gene expression remains constant when the spacing between sub-regions of the ARE is increased up to at least 64 bp, but increased spacing of 136 bp or greater abolishes expression in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, indicating that a close association of the two sub-regions is required both for anaerobic responsiveness and for maximal levels of aerobic gene expression. When the ARE is placed upstream of position −90 of the CaMV 35S promoter, the ARE produces a high level of expression in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The general enhancement of gene expression driven by the hybrid ARE/35S promoter in aerobic conditions requires an intact sub-region II motif since mutation or deletion of sub-region II from the hybrid promoter reduces the level of expression to that observed for the truncated 35S promoter alone. In addition, mutation of the sub-region I sequences in the ARE/35S hybrid promoter does not significantly reduce expression in aerobic conditions, relative to pARE/Δ35S(-90), suggesting that sub-region I does not contribute to this general enhancer function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017834
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of modified Ac elements in flax callus and regenerated plants (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 22 (1993), S. 625-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: increased transposition ; modified Ac ; transposon tagging ; Linum usitatissimum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Ac element of maize has been modified by deletion of 537 bases (ΔNaeAc) from the untranslated leader of the transposase gene. In a second modification the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter has been inserted into the truncated leader of ΔNaeAc, 21 bases upstream of the natural translation start. The activity of these modified elements has been compared with that of the unmodified element in transgenic flax. Deletion of sequences in the untranslated leader only marginally increased transposition in callus while insertion of the 35S promoter enhanced transposition frequency 7–8-fold. Increased transposition correlated with increased transcription of the transposase gene. The presence of a 35S promoter upstream of the transposase gene, but outside the Ac element, also enhanced both transcription and transposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterisation of full-length cDNA clones of the giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 1035-1039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: giant taro ; proteinase inhibitor ; PCR ; RACE ; trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length cDNA encoding the 206 amino acid open reading frame of a trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor abundant in the corms of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) was isolated. An internal fragment was cloned using degenerate primers corresponding to a region of the mature protein sequence and the ‘rapid amplification of cDNA ends’ (RACE) method used to generate a composite cDNA sequence. The length of the cDNA was close to the predicted size of the corresponding transcript deduced from northern blot analysis of corm mRNA. The inhibitor was expressed strongly in the mature corm, at low levels in leaf blades and petioles but not in roots. Southern blot analysis of the giant taro DNA indicated that this inhibitor is encoded by a small multigene family and this was further supported by the isolation of two different sequence classes from corm cDNA using primers to the ends of the composite sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020813
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The alcohol dehydrogenase genes of cotton (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 897-904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; cDNA and genomic cloning ; gene family ; Gossypium hirsutum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report here the initial characterization of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene family of the allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum, a crop plant that is highly sensitive to waterlogging. Twelve Adh cDNAs were isolated from a library constructed from RNA prepared from anaerobically stressed root tips. Nine of the twelve cDNAs fell into one class, while each of the other three cDNAs fell into a separate class. The 3′-untranslated regions had little or no homology between classes implying that each of these four classes is encoded by a different gene. The most abundant class of Adh cDNA was expressed under the control of the 35S promoter in transgenic cotton and encodes the ADH2 isozyme, the isozyme induced most strongly by low oxygen conditions. Cotton Adh genomic segments were sequenced. The promoter regions of these Adh genes contain the cis-acting motifs which have been shown in other plant species to be necessary for anaerobic induction of transcription. A gene conversion event is likely to have occurred between the 3′ ends of two of the genes. Sequence comparison of the Adh genomic and cDNA clones, and Southern analysis of genomic DNA suggest the existence of multiple copies of Adh genes in cotton. Five different members of this Adh gene family of coton have been identified, of which four are very similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019476
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene family of barley (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; barley ; DNA sequences ; gene duplication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One partial and two complete genomic clones of the three loci specifying alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in barley were isolated by screening libraries with a maize Adh1 cDNA probe. Each gene is characterised by an intron arrangement similar to that of both maize Adh1 and Adh2, although two genes show an exon fusion. A comparison with the maize coding sequences unambiguously assorts the barley loci into an Adh1-like gene and two Adh2-like genes, indicating that an ancient gene duplication underlies the widespread occurrence of two Adh loci in higher plants. In the barley lineage there has been a further duplication-transposition of a progenitor “Adh2” locus to give rise to the extant three-gene system, with gene copies of different ancestry being closely linked. An Adh1 null-allele, Adh1-M9, has been cloned; the available sequence includes an intron with a missing acceptor splice signal. Two independent clones of one of the barley Adh2-like genes have an 18 bp in-frame deletion towards the 3′ end of the coding sequence. The barley Adh2-like genes are extensively diverged in their 5′ sequences apart from a conserved 15 bp motif in the mRNA leader region and sequences at the start of transcription. A sequence related to the hexanucleotide core of a regulatory element found in maize Adh1 and in other anaerobically induced plant genes is present in the 5′ region of barley Adh2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015667
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