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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 434 (2005), S. 973-973 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To meet their need for nitrogen in the restricted foraging environment provided by their host plants, some arboreal ants deploy group ambush tactics in order to capture flying and jumping prey that might otherwise escape. Here we show that the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus uses hair from ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 145-155 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: predation ; orientation ; foraging paths ; recruitment ; behavioral flexibility ; ponerine ants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La grande flexibilité manifestée par la fourmi ponérineBrachyponera senaarensis (Mayr) au niveau des stratégies alimentaires utilisées, lui permet d'exploiter aussi bien des graines que des proies animales en tant que sources d'aliments. La prédation, généralement limitée aux petites proies, est très proche du simple comportement nécrophagique. Par sa structure, le comportement prédateur deB. senaarensis, en conditions de laboratoire, ne diffère pas de celui rapporté pour d'autres espèces de fourmis prédatrices. Les ouvrières fourragent de façon individuelle et sont capables de rentrer directement au nid grâce à une orientation où peut intervenir l'influence de la source lumineuse, d'un marquage chimique présentant un gradient à proximité de l'entrée du nid, et de la mémoire. Lors de déménagements de nids, les ouvrières utilisent un recrutement par tandem running, mais aucun recrutement alimentaire n'a pu être observé dans les colonies régulièrement approvisionnées. Dans ce cas, les ouvrières qui découvrent une source importante de nourriture effectuent simplement une série d'allers-retours entre le nid et la source d'aliments. Au contraire, dans les colonies soumises à un jeûne prolongé, l'introduction d'un groupe de proies peut déclencher, chez les ouvrières approvisionneuses, une incitation massive à sortir, correspondant à une forme primitive de recrutement de masse déjà connue chez quelques autres espèces de fourmis.
    Notes: Abstract The great flexibility of the feeding strategies exhibited by the ponerine antBrachyponera senaarensis (Mayr) allows it to exploit either seeds or animal prey items as food resources. Predation is generally limited to small prey and is very similar to scavenging behavior. In laboratory conditions, the predatory behavior ofB. senaarensis is not different in structure from that known in other carnivorous ants species. The workers forage individually and return to the nest using a series of cues involving light, a chemical graduated marking system near the nest entrance, and memory. During nest-moving, recruitment by tandem running was observed. However, in colonies where the food supply is regular, workers that discover food do not recruit nestmates, but make repeated trips between the nest and the food source. On the contrary, in starved colonies, the introduction of prey may produce a massive exit of foragers, corresponding to a primitive form of mass recruitment similar to that observed in some other ant species.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 94 (2000), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ants ; Myrmicaria opaciventris ; predation ; behavioural flexibility ; termite control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the hunting behaviour of Myrmicaria opaciventris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in order to evaluate if it can be used as a biological control agent against the termites that damage sugarcane plantations. Hunting workers foraged in groups and recruited nestmates at short-range when they encountered large termite soldiers or groups of small termite workers. Differences in prey capture concerned the: (1) means of detection (from a distance or by contact); (2) termite body part seized (small termites seized by the body; large termites by an appendage); (3) percentages of prey abandoned; and (4) use of venom. The sting of the workers is spatulated implying a topical application of the venom on the prey. Large termites were stretched by several workers whose adherence to the substrate is facilitated by well-developed arolia and claws on the legs while others spread venom on the body and carved it up. An adaptation to termite capture was noted with a distribution of tasks between the workers which subdued prey, and those which transported it. In the former case, the workers easily eliminated termite soldiers, successively attacked several termite workers and even captured new individuals while holding the first ones captured between their mandibles before retrieving them all at once. The remaining individuals were retrieved by the transporting workers. Given this particularly effective predatory strategy, we concluded that, under certain conditions, M. opaciventris can be used as a biological control agent against termites.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 123-135 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Prédation ; trajets exploratoires ; recrutement ; Fourmis Ponerinae ; Predation ; foraging paths ; recruitment ; Ponerine ants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Pachycondyla soror belongs to the Ponerinae, a subfamily of ants considered as primitive. The foraging workers are generalist predators capable of preying on large arthropods using two methods to recruit nestmates. In the hunting area they are capable of recruiting nestmates situated in the surrounding area. The first worker that discovers the prey, either rubs its gaster on the soil around the prey or stings the prey, then returns to the nest to recruit nestmates by simply inciting them to leave the nest. There is group activity during the mastery of the prey and its transport to the nest. During termite captures, these ants are able to distinguish soldiers from workers. Faced with soldiers they present a posture of ‘prudence’, they throw their antennae back and lift their hind legs, thus avoiding contact of these appendages with the mandibles of the prey. After the capture of the first termite, the workers of P. soror do not immediately return to the nest. They first explore the surrounding zone with particularly sinuous path (area concentrated search). As termites are found generally in groups, this behaviour favours encounter with other individuals. On certain occasions, P. soror workers transport two termites at a time or they recruit nestmates (as mentioned previously). These two observations foreshadow the predatory behaviour of Paltothyreus tarsatus and Megaponera foetens, two other Ponerinae specialized in Termite predation.
    Notes: Résumé Les Pachycondyla soror sont des prédateurs généralistes. Lorsque l'ouvrière découvreuse a capturé une grosse proie, elle peut, soit la ramener au nid toute seule, soit recruter des congénères pour cette tâche. Après la capture d'un premier termite, les trajets exploratoires sont caractérisés par une géométrie différente: leur sinuosité augmente. Il s'agit là d'une adaptation à la chasse de proies vivant en groupes. D'autre part, ces fourmis distinguent parfaitement les ouvriers des soldats. Face aux soldats, on observe l'apparition d'une posture (antennes et pattes antérieures relevées, hors de portée des mandibules de la proie). Dans quelques cas, deux ouvriers sont ramenés à la fois.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: ant ; trail ; synergy ; reinforcement ; environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the production of and the response to the trail in the African urticating ant,Tetramorium aculeatum under a variety of laboratory conditions. The trail was found to contain a complex mix of substances. Two of these components are secreted by the poison gland: The most volatile one is an attractant and increases the ants' linear speed; the other is the trail pheromone, which may act for days on a dry substrate. A third component is present on the last abdominal sternite. It acts as an attractant and a locostimulant and is synergistic of the trail pheromone. The activity of these substances increases with the age of the workers. While following a trail, foragers, even unrewarded, reinforce it with both the poison gland contents and the synergistic compound. The ants follow trails better in darkness than in light. A wetted trail rapidly loses its activity. The article suggests an explanation for the functioning ofT. aculeatum's natural trails, including the role of its different components.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: polistine wasps ; Belonogaster ; foundation of colonies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to examine the phenomenon of task partitioning among associations of foundresses of the primitively eusocial wasp Belonogaster juncea juncea (F.). The time–activity budget for five main behavioral categories (foraging, building, feeding, inactivity, and reproduction) for each foundress belonging to trigynic associations was recorded using the instantaneous scanning technique. After ranking the individuals on the basis of agonistic encounters, data were submitted to a canonical discriminant analysis. The results show behavioral differences between individuals of each rank. The proportion of time allocated to foraging behavior is a good rank index. The females of the first rank spent less time on foraging behavior and significantly more time (13.6% of their time) on reproductive behavior than females of other ranks. The females of the second rank also spent less time on foraging behavior and showed a tendency toward building behavior. The females of the third rank spent significantly more time (77.28% of their time) on foraging behavior. The behavioral profile of each foundress was therefore determined by its rank on the dominance scale.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 271-285 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: spatial foraging behavior ; generalist predatory ant ; African ponerine ; Paltothyreus tarsatus ; behavioral flexibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Colonies of the African stink ant Paltothyreus tarsatuslocated in the forest have nests with shorter horizontal galleries and a smaller total foraging surface than colonies located in open areas. Each solitary worker specializes on the same central or peripheral hunting zone but she does not specialize on a particular sector during group-retrieving. The search for prey is characterized by a wandering walk with spatial parameters varying in two ways. Capture of a termite releases a path characterized by sinuosity and a decrease in speed of movement. In contrast, a failure in the course of an attempted capture releases an increase in both sinuosity and speed of movement corresponding to a socalled “reserve” behavior. Each worker shortens her retrieving trip in comparison with her search trip and the straightness of the homing paths depends on the size and shape of the prey. Our data show that behavioral flexibility at the individual level in P. tarsatusis important in determining spatial foraging strategy at the colony level.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 21 (1974), S. 343-355 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Workers ofTemnothorax recedens lay both alimentary (nutritive) and reproductive eggs, the latter producing males. In queenright colonies workers only lay reproductive eggs during a few weeks after hibernation when the queen's ability to inhibit the laying of such eggs is weak or non-existent, thereafter her inhibitory power increases sufficiently to prevent workers from laying reproductive eggs. However, as the queen's inhibitory power increases and the number of reproductive eggs laid by workers decreases, the number of alimentary eggs laid by them increases. The ability of a queen to inhibit workers from laying reproductive eggs hecomes diminished when she is sterilised by strong γ irradiation.
    Notes: Résumé Les ouvrières deTemnothorax recedens pondent des œufs alimentaires et des œufs reproducteurs à descendance mâle. Dans les colonies complètes (reine+ouvrières), les œufs reproducteurs des ouvrières sont pondus seulement dans les semaines qui suivent la fin de l'hibernation. Puis l'inhibition royale, qui était faible ou nulle, va en se renforçant et la production des œufs reproducteurs cesse. Parallèlement, on note un processus inverse en ce qui concerne les œufs alimentaires, dont la production n'est pas inhibée par la présence des reines: d'abord peu nombreux en début de saison, ces œufs sont produits en plus grand nombre, prenant la place des œufs reproducteurs. L'inhibition royale de la ponte des œufs reproducteurs peut être partiellement levée par une irradiation γ à forte dose des reines, entrainant une stérilisation de ces dernières.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The resistance against γ irradiations of the queens and the workers ofTemnothorax redecens is studied in colonies where are irradiated queens, or workers, or both. The queens are more resistant than the workers. At low dose, the presence of an unirradiated fecond queen among slightly irradiated workers allows a better survival of the workers by good cohesion of the society. But the feeding of an unirradiated queen is such an important action that it involves the untimely death of highly irradiated workers. The longevity of the queens is function of their own irradiation and worker's.
    Notes: Résumé La résistance aux irradiations γ des reines et des ouvrières deTemnothorax recedens est étudiée dans des colonies où l'on irradie l'une des deux castes ou les deux. Les reines sont plus résistantes que les ouvrières. A faible dose, la présence d'une reine non irradiée féconde parmi des ouvrières faiblement irradiées permet unc meilleure survic de ces dernières en établissant une bonne cohésion de la société. Mais les besoins alimentaires d'une reine indemne sont tels qui'ils entraînent la mort prématurée des ouvrières fortement irradiées. La longévité des reines est fonction à la fois de leur propre irradiation et de celle des ouvrières.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 57-62 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Interspecific trail following ; Kairomones ; Allomones ; Lycaenidae ; Formicinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study we report a case of ant-trail following by lycaenid caterpillars. Euliphyra mirifica and E. leucyana caterpillars are involved in a commensal association with the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda. The host nests are made with leaves which over the course of time dry out or are broken open by storms, forcing the ants to migrate and build a new nest elsewhere. Euliphyra caterpillars are stimulated by recruitment behaviour which triggers the migration of their host. They then follow the host trails leading to the new nesting site. Laboratory experiments showed that these caterpillars are able to follow host trails under varied conditions: (1) fresh trails actually used by workers, (2) fresh trails in the absence of workers, (3) heterocolonial, 2-month-old trails, and (4) fresh trails washed with water (to simulate the effect of tropical rains). They can also bridge trail gaps of more than 1 cm. Under natural conditions, the trails are frequently situated along thin twigs. The forward progress of the ants in such a situation is not impeded by the presence of large Euliphyra larvae. Workers just climb over the caterpillars, even on larger trails where there is enough room to pass alongside them. This suggests that an allomone is secreted on the dorsal part of the caterpillars. When crawling along heterocolonial trails, the caterpillars are not attacked, even if about 21% of the workers from the new colony spread their mandibles when encountering them. They are then adopted and are admitted to the nest of the new host colony of O. longinoda.
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