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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATTENDANCE PATTERNS OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) FEMALES AND PUPS DURING THE NON-BREEDING SEASON AT SAN MIGUEL ISLAND (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The attendance patterns of California sea lions were studied during the non-breeding seasons from 1991 to 1994. Lactating females frequented the rookery to nurse their pups until weaning; most non-lactating females left the rookery for the season. Females spent over 70% of their time at sea except in 1993 when they spent 59% of their time at sea. The mean foraging trip length in the winter and spring ranged from 3.3 to 4.6 d; the mean nursing visit ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 d. The duration of foraging trips and nursing visits was variable over the season for individuals but no pattern of change was detected. Interannual and seasonal differences were not significant for time at sea, visits ashore, or foraging-trip duration before, during, or after the 1992-1993 El Niño event. Pups spent an average of 66.6% of their time ashore and up to three days away from the rookery during their mother's absence. Most females and pups stayed associated until April or May. The results suggest that seasonal movement of prey is more important in determining attendance patterns late in the lactation period than increasing energy demands of the pup.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00911.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DOCUMENTING MIGRATIONS OF NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS USING DAY LENGTH (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 8 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00375.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOVEMENTS OF SATELLITE-TAGGED SUBADULT AND ADULT HARBOR SEALS IN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 17 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Satellite-linked tags were attached to 49 subadult and adult harbor seals captured in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, and their movements were monitored during 1992–1997. Seals were tracked for a total of 5,517 seal-days and were located on about 80% of the days that tags transmitted. Most locations were in or near PWS, but some juvenile seals moved 300–500 km east and west into the Gulf of Alaska. While several seals travelled to 50–100 km offshore, virtually all locations were in water 〈200 m deep. Overall, juvenile seals moved more than adults and had larger home ranges. Movements were significantly affected by month, and age by month and sex by month interactions. In all months, mean distances between successively used haulouts were 〈10 km for adults and 〈20 km for juveniles. Mean monthly home ranges varied from 〈100 km2 to 〉1,500 km2, and were smallest during June-July. Mean haul-out to at-sea distance was 5–10 km for adults and generally 10–25 km for juveniles. Satellite-linked tags provided an effective means of monitoring and describing the full range of harbor seal movements in this region, with the exception of late summer when tags were shed during the molt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01301.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIEL HAUL-OUT PATTERNS AND SITE FIDELITY OF HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) ON SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA, IN AUTUMN (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We studied the haul-out patterns and movements of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) on San Miguel Island, California, from 23 October through 6 December 1982 by attaching a radio transmitter to each of 18 seals and monitoring their presence ashore with continuously scanning receivers. Seals hauled out at all hours although, on average, the largest proportion of tagged seals was ashore between 1300 and 1500 h. Median durations of haul-out bouts of individual seals ranged from 4.7 to 21.8 h; 81% of all haul-out bouts were less than 12 h and 3% were longer than 24 h. Eighty-one percent of the seals that were resighted at least twice used only the sites where they were tagged; two seals used two sites and one seal used three. Most seals were hauled out on fewer than 51% of the days sampled. On average, about 41% of tagged seals hauled out each day whereas an average of about 19% was hauled out during peak afternoon hours. Using telemetry data to correct a count of 412 seals made during an aerial survey, we estimated absolute abundance at about 2,168 seals; a modified Peterson mark-recapture model produced an estimate of about 1,445 seals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1987.tb00319.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETIC SUBSTRUCTURE OF THE PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) OFF WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic substructure among groups of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, along the western coast of the United States was investigated using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Blood and tissue samples were removed from 86 seals inhabiting Puget Sound and the Pacific coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. A 320 base-pair segment of the control region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. These data indicated a high level of diversity. Thirty variable sites were found that define 47 mitochondrial haplotypes. Among groups of P. v. richardsi sampled, 5 haplotypes were shared, but most (42) were unique to a locality. Haplotypic frequency and an Analysis of Molecular Variance (Amova) revealed significant differences (P= 0.001) among regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Puget Sound seals possess unique divergent lineages not found in seals from the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. These lineages may represent haplotypes from north of Washington, which is consistent with late reproductive timing of harbor seals from Puget Sound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00592.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENTS BY HARBOR SEAL PUPS IN CONTRASTING ALASKA ENVIRONMENTS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Movement patterns of Alaska harbor seal pups were studied using satellite telemetry during 1997–2000. Mean tracking duration was 277.3 d (SD = 105.8) for Tugidak Island pups (n= 26) and 171.2 d (108.3) for Prince William Sound (PWS) pups (n= 27). Movements were similar for males and females and were largely restricted to the continental shelf. Multiple return trips of 〉 75 km from the natal area and up to ∼3 wk duration were most common, followed by movements restricted to 〈25 km from the natal area; one way movements from the natal site were rare. Distances moved and home range sizes remained relatively stable or increased gradually from July through winter, then decreased markedly through spring. Monthly movements (maximum distance from tagging location, mean distance from haul-outs to at-sea locations, and home range size) were significantly greater for Tugidak vs. PWS pups. Six of seven pups from each region that traveled farthest and were tracked the longest had returned to their tagging site when their last location was recorded, indicating philopatry or limited dispersal during their first year of life. Seal pups exhibited similar movement patterns in the distinct habitats of the two regions, but differed in the spatial extent of their movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01259.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORRECTING AERIAL SURVEY COUNTS OF HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 17 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aerial surveys of harbor seals on land produce only a minimum assessment of the population; a correction factor to account for the missing animals is necessary to estimate total abundance. In 1991 and 1992, VHF radio tags were deployed on harbor seals (n= 124) at six sites in Washington and Oregon. During aerial surveys a correction factor to account for seals in the water was determined from the proportion of radio-tagged seals on shore during the pupping season. This proportion ranged from 0.54 to 0.74. Among the six sites there was no significant difference in the proportion of animals on shore nor was there a difference in age/sex categories of seals on shore between sites. The pooled correction factor for determining total population abundance was 1.53. An additional 32 seals were radio tagged in 1993 at one of the sites used in 1991. Comparing data from the two years, we found no interannual variation. Aerial surveys of all known harbor seal haul-out sites in Washington (n= 319) and Oregon (n= 68) were flown during the peak of the pupping season, 1991–1993. The Washington and Oregon harbor seal population was divided into two stocks based on pupping phenology, morphometics, and genetics. Mean counts for the Washington inland stock were 8,710 in 1991, 9,018 in 1992, and 10,092 in 1993. Oregon and Washington coastal stock mean counts were 18,363 in 1991, 18,556 in 1992, and 17,762 in 1993. Multiplying the annual count by the correction factor yielded estimates of harbor seal abundance in the Washington inland stock of 13,326 (95% CI = 11,637–15,259) for 1991, 13,798 (95% CI = 11,980–15,890) for 1992, and 15,440 (95% CI = 13,382–17,814) for 1993. In the Oregon and Washington coastal stock the corrected estimate of harbor seal abundance was 28,094 (95% CI = 24,697–31,960) in 1991, 28,391 (95% CI = 24,847–32,440) for 1992, and 27,175 (95% CI = 23,879–30,926) for 1993.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01271.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OBSERVATIONS OF A GUADALUPE FUR SEAL (ARCTOCEPHALUS TOWNSENDI) FEMALE AND PUP AT SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00854.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIVING PATTERNS OF NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL BULLS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 7 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We used small microprocessor-based, time-depth recorders to document the diving patterns of six adult male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from San Miguel Island, California. The recorders stored measurements of hydrostatic pressure every 30 or 60 set while the seals were at sea for 107 to 145 d in spring and early summer; collectively, over 36,000 dives were recorded. Seals dove continually while at sea, most often to depths of 350–450 m although two seals had secondary modes at about 700–800 m; maximum depths for two seals of 1,333 m and 1,529 m are the deepest yet measured for air-breathing vertebrates. Seals were submerged about 86% of the time they were at sea, rarely spending more than 5 min at the surface between dives; 99% of all post-dive surface intervals were shorter than 10 min. Dives averaged 21–24 min, the longest was 77 min. The uninterrupted patterns of long dives punctuated by brief surface periods suggest that most if not all dives were well within these seals’aerobic limits. Dives of bulls were, on average, about 18% longer than those published earlier for cows, evidently because of the substantially greater body mass of bulls and allometric scaling of dive endurance. Dive depths and dive durations varied seasonally; depths were greatest in spring, durations greatest in early summer. During each season dives were deepest during the day and shallowest at night except for the sixth seal whose consistently shallow dives (50–150 m) in spring were independent of time of day. Prey remains recovered by lavage from seals’stomachs were primarily of vertically migrating, epi- and meso-pelagic squid. The die1 patterns in dive depths suggest that five seals dove to and foraged in the offshore mesopelagic zone, pursuing those vertically migrating prey. The sixth seal behaved similarly in early spring and early summer but may have foraged in nearshore epibenthic habitats in spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00112.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VIOLENT INTERSPECIFIC SEXUAL BEHAVIOR BY MALE SEA LIONS (OTARIIDAE): EVOLUTIONARY AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00601.x
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