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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Description: The intraindividual variability (IIV) of cognitive performance has been shown to increase with aging. While brain research has generally focused on mean performance, little is known about neural correlates of cognitive IIV. Nevertheless, some studies suggest that IIV relates more strongly than mean level of performance to the quality of white matter (WM). Our study aims to explore the relation between WM integrity and cognitive IIV by combining functional (fMRI) and structural (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) imaging. Twelve young adults (aged 18–30 years) and thirteen older adults (61–82 years) underwent a battery of neuropsychological tasks, along with fMRI and DTI imaging. Their behavioral data were analyzed and correlated with the imaging data at WM regions of interest defined on the basis of (1) the fMRI-activated areas and (2) the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) WM tractography atlas. For both methods, fractional anisotropy, along with the mean, radial, and axial diffusivity parameters, was computed. In accord with previous studies, our results showed that the DTI parameters were more related to IIV than to mean performance. Results also indicated that age differences in the DTI parameters were more pronounced in the regions activated primarily by young adults during a choice reaction-time task than in those also activated in older adults.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The standard approach to cognitive development most frequently consists of cross-sectional studies comparing different ages and groups while restricted to a single task. The necessity to focus on the individual in an idiographic perspective, rather than on the task or the variable, has been repeatedly emphasized, most recently in several very important papers by Nesselroade and Molenaar. Variability has also emerged as a crucial characteristic. Moreover, understanding the developmental construction of a given cognitive achievement is imperative to understanding cognitive functioning in adulthood. The general objective of this book is to focus on the individual by studying intraindividual and interindividual variability in various cognitive tasks, that is, intraindividual variability across items of a given task (inconsistency), across various cognitive tasks (dispersion), and/or across years (intraindividual change), and of course, on interindividual differences in intraindividual variability. This book presents empirical studies that have been conducted by research groups in Europe and in North America, prominent in the field of variability and development or methodology. The 26 authors/co-authors include senior authors such as Lautrey, Schmiedek, Dauvier, van der Maas, Ghisletta, Stawski, MacDonald, and de Ribaupierre.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; n/a ; neuropsychological assessment ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; life-span ; mathematics ; cognitive heterogeneity ; prepotent response inhibition ; reasoning ; Raven’s Progressive Matrices ; computerized adaptive practicing ; working memory updating ; Go/NoGo SART task ; allocation of study time ; micro-longitudinal design ; variability ; functional adaptability ; cognitive aging ; spatial precision ; longitudinal method ; number ; working memory ; autoregressive parameter ; numerical cognition ; idiographic approach ; hierarchical modeling ; intraindividual variation ; ambulatory assessment ; intra-individual variability ; functional diversity ; prospective memory ; amplitude of fluctuations ; cognitive development ; reaction time ; cognitive impairment ; mild cognitive impairment ; random process fluctuation ; intraindividual variability ; dispersion ; individual differences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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