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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract 9Cr-1 Mo ferritic steel forms an integral part of some of the nuclear power generating industries where it is used as the steam generating material. Its corrosion resistance could be further improved by employing a chromium coating over it. However, this chromium coating has been found to be unsatisfactory owing to the microcracks present in the coating. Laser surface melting (LSM) could be effectively used not only to remove these microcracks but also to form a better corrosion-resistant modified surface without affecting the bulk properties of the material. Studies were carried out on the laser surface melted chromium-plated 9Cr-1Mo steel. The specimens with chromium deposit thicknesses ranging from 30–70 μm were prepared and then laser irradiated. Optical microscopic studies on the cross-sections of these specimens revealed an average laser-melted thickness of around 0.1–0.5 mm, depending upon the irradiation parameter used. Aqueous corrosion behaviour of these specimens was studied by anodic polarization in 1N H2SO4 medium. Anodic polarization experiments were carried out for specimens after repolishing the same specimen until the 9Cr-1Mo base metal was reached. The passive and peak current density values, range of passivity, peak and transpassive potentials, were determined at each stage of polishing, and these were compared with those of pure chromium metal as well as 9Cr-1Mo alloy in the same medium. Observation of these data indicates that the laser surface melting could be beneficial in raising the aqueous corrosion resistance of such chromium-coated steels, to a level comparable with that of the pure chromium metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Uniform or localised corrosion resistance of stainless steels is attributed to the presence of a tenacious passive film formed on the surface, the thickness and chemical composition of which depends on the applied potential. The protective properties of such films depend on the bulk composition of the alloy, presence of secondary phases and elemental segregation. In this paper the role of Cr, Mo and ferrite content on the anodic dissolution behaviour of type 316 austenitic stainless steel weld metals has been investigated. A calculational approach was tried in order to qualitatively understand the behaviour of the stainless steel weld metals with different chemical compositions and heat inputs. Extensive iterative calculations were carried out by using the experimental data on the anodic current values to arrive at the results.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microstructure of austenitic stainless steel weld metals is complicated by the presence of delta-ferrite and microsegregated regions rich in chromium and molybdenum, as well as other minor alloying elements such as sulphur and phosphorus at the δ/γ interphase boundaries. Detailed microstructural studies are required in order to establish correlation between various metallurgical as well as electrochemical corrosion properties with the weld metal microstructure. The conventional chemical etching technique was found to be inadequate in revealing different microconstituents. A powerful potentiostatic etching technique was used to reveal not only ferrite but also different microconstituents that had different specific electrochemical potentials at which they dissolved. This paper describes the weld metal microstructure developed by the addition of molybdenum (4.16–5.83 wt%) to type 316 stainless steel weld metals during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding with different heat inputs. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1799-1803 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crevice corrosion studies were carried out on nitrogen-bearing types 304, 316 and 317 austenitic stainless steels (SS) by a potentiodynamic anodic polarisation method in an acidic chloride medium. A special all-glass crevice assembly was used for providing reproducible crevice effects on the surface of the test specimen. The results indicated that the increase in nitrogen content improved the crevice corrosion resistance of the alloys by decreasing the active dissolution, and increasing both passive film stability and the potential at which crevice attack was stable. This was very significant for 304 and 316 SS alloys in comparison with 317 SS alloys. The combined influence of nitrogen and molybdenum was found to be very significant in providing high crevice corrosion resistance for 317 SS alloys. Optical microscopic observation revealed severe crevice attack on types 304 and 316 SS alloys compared to mild crevice attack on type 317 alloys. Based on the results of the present investigation a possible mechanism by which nitrogen addition improved the crevice corrosion resistance is discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 277-278 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 409-416 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrißkorrosion in Stählen niedriger und hoher Festigkeit mit verschiedenen Phosphorgehalten in sauren ElektrolytenDie Beständigkeit gegen wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrißkorrosion (HSCC) und das Bruchverhalten wurden für Stähle niedriger und hoher Festigkeit (Streckgrenze: 120 bis 960 MPa) mit unterschiedlichen Phosphorgehalten untersucht, es wurden Versuche bei konstanter Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit in verschiedenen sauren Elektrolyten, 1 M Schwefelsäure bei kathodischer Polarisation, mit Schwefelwasser-stoff gesättigter Lösung von Natriumchlorid und Essigsäure (NACE-Lösung) und mit Schwefelwasserstoff gesättigtem synthetischem Meerwasser (BP-Lösung) durchgeführt. Für die Stähle niedriger Festigkeit (Streckgrenze: 120-265 MPa) zeigte sich mit dem Phosphorgehalt zunehmende Empfindlichkeit gegen HSCC, die Empfindlichkeit in den schwefelwasserstoffhaltigen Lösungen ist unabhängig vom Phosphorgehalt. Die Empfindlichkeit gegen HSCC steht in direkter Beziehung zur Wasserstoffaktivität, die sich in den verschiedenen Lösungen auf den jeweiligen Stählen einstellt. Es besteht keine Abhängigkeit der Empfindlichkeit gegen HSCC von der Korngrenzensegregation des Phosphors bei Korngrenzenkonzentrationen bis zu 20 at%, und der Bruch war immer transkristallin. Bei den Stählen hoher Festigkeit (Streckgrenze: 875-960 MPa) dagegen wurde durch eine entsprechende Phosphorsegregation eine Verminderung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen HSCC bewirkt, und die Art des Bruches änderte sich zu interkristallinem Bruch.
    Notes: Hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking (HSCC) resistance and mode of fracture in various low and high strength steels (yield strength 120 to 960 MPa) and containing different levels of phosphorus content were studied using constant extension rate test method in various acid media viz. sulphuric acid solutions under cathodic polarisation, hydrogen sulphide saturated solutions of sodium chloride + acetic acid (NACE solution) and synthetic sea water (BP solution). In case of low strength steels (yield strength 120-265 MPa), the HSCC susceptibility in sulphuric acid increased with phosphorus content and became very high irrespective of phosphorus content in hydrogen sulphide saturated solutions. The susceptibility was directly related to different hydrogen activities measured in these solutions. No significant dependence of HSCC susceptibility on the phosphorus segregation as high as 20 atom % at the grain boundaries was found and the fracture mode was always transgranular. In contrast, a similar segregation of phosphorus in high strength steels (yield strength 875-960 MPa) caused a reduction in HSCC resistance and changed the fracture mode to intergranular.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-04-27
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-05-16
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-02-15
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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