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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Researching the controls of adventitious rooting (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cloning is crucial in horticulture and forestry for commercial production of plants and in genetic improvement programs. However, inability to induce adventitious root formation (rooting) often limits cloning of woody plants by cuttage or tissue culture. To improve cloning, past physiological and biochemical studies of rooting have largely been aimed at understanding controls by researching post-translational processes. Still, the sought-for controls of rooting remain obscure. However, those controls may be discovered by searching for and studying direct genetic effects, using current molecular genetic technologies and new plant materials (e.g., non-rooting mutants, normally rootless plants). In particular, applying molecular genetic technologies in studies at the transcriptional and translational levels may soon reveal the controls of rooting. We review strategies for achieving that goal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04669.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relations between carbohydrate, water status and adventitious root formation in leafy pea cuttings rooted under various levels of atmospheric CO2 and relative humidity (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three levels of atmospheric CO2 and 2 levels of relative humidity (RH) during the rooting period were tested for their effect on several factors presumed to influence adventitious root formation in leafy pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) cuttings. Compared to normal CO2 levels (350 μl l−1), neither 1800 nor 675 μl l−1 CO2 affected the rooting percentage or the number of roots per cutting. However, 1800 μl l−1 CO2 increased root and shoot dry weight, root length, carbohydrate levels in the base of the cuttings and water potential (Ψw) of cuttings compared to normal levels of CO2. Compared to 87% RH. 55% RH decreased all of the above parameters, including the number of roots per cutting. A polyvinyl chloride antitranspirant (which partially blocks stomata and slows photosynthesis) applied simultaneously with 87% RH increased Ψw and root length but lowered all of the other above parameters, compared to 87% RH without antitranspirant. Increasing current photosynthate (products of photosynthetic activity after excision), carbohydrate, or Ψw either alone or together was associated with increased root system size but not necessarily with increased rooting percentage or root number. The data are consistent with a hypothesis that the number of roots per cutting increased with increasing current photosynthate and carbohydrate until some other factor became limiting. Also, the effect of Ψw on rooting percentage and root number was mediated through its effect on current photosynthate and carbohydrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb04967.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniconazole-induced thermotolerance in soybean seedling root tissue (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 79 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. cv. A2] seeds were germinated in 0 or 1 mg 11 (3.4 uM) uniconazole, after which seedling roots were excised and exposed to 22 or 48°C for 90 min. Prior to the temperature treatments there were few ultrastructural differences between uniconazole-treated seedling roots and the controls. Following exposure to 48°C, electron micrographs revealed near complete loss of normal ultrastructure in control epidermal root cells, whereas cellular integrity was maintained in treated roots, indicating that uniconazole conferred tolerance to high temperature. Total electrolyte, sugar and K+ leakage were all greater from control roots than treated roots during exposure to 48°C. Proline content in the roots was unaffected by uniconazole at 22°C but was 25–30% greater in treated tissue than in controls following exposure to 48°C. Malondialdehyde content was unaffected by uniconazole at 22°C but was nearly 20% less in treated tissue than in controls following high temperature exposure. This indicates that uniconazole decreased high-temperature-induced lipid peroxidation. Uniconazole elevated several antiox-idant systems in the roots, including water-soluble sulfhydryl concentration and catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that uniconazole-induced stress tolerance is due, at least in part, to enhanced antioxidant activity which reduces stress-related oxidative damage to cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05869.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro production of flowering shoots in ‘German Red’ carnation: effect of uniconazole and gibberellic acid (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Callus ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; Growth Regulators ; Tissue Culture ; Triazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Callus regenerated near the base of senescing petals of flower bud explants of ‘German Red’ carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) produced adventitious flowering microshoots on MS-medium containing benzylaminopurine (8.9 μM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (2.7 μM). When these microshoots were subcultured with some callus, additional adventitious flowering microshoots were produced from the callus. The production of adventitious flowering shoots continued for many subcultures spanning a period of more than two years. Uniconazole (6.9 μM) increased the number of adventitious shoots formed by as much as two-fold but decreased shoot length by about 50%. In contrast, GA3 (2.9 μM) decreased adventitious shoot formation and increased shoot length. Regardless of the growth regulator treatment, virtually all of the adventitious shoots produced flower buds. Thus, the growth regulators influenced flowering only indirectly by altering the number of adventitious shoots produced in vitro. These results demonstrate that the flowering habit of the adventitious shoots of ‘German Red’ carnation is highly persistent and the flowering stimulus continues to be transmitted to the newly formed microshoots through the callus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232947
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors on shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants of Albizzia julibrissin (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1993), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: adventitious shoot formation ; gibberellic acid ; paclobutrazol ; prohexadione calcium ; tissue culture ; uniconazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hypocotyl explants of Albizzia julibrissin were placed on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with various levels of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, prohexadione calcium, or GA3. Callus formation was evident within one week after placement of the explants on the culture media. Green nodule-like structures protruded from the distal end of the explants within 10 days and developed into shoots within a month. These shoots readily formed adventitious roots when placed on fresh culture medium. All three of the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors increased shoot formation compared to the control. The number of shoots per explants was increased 107, 79, and 168% by 0.3–0.4 μM paclobutrazol, uniconazole, and prohexadione calcium, respectively. In contrast to the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors, GA3 decreased shoot formation. These results indicate that modification of gibberellin status can have a strong impact on the number of shoots formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis, plantlet regeneration, and post-transplant survival of Echinochloa frumentacea (1992)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 11 (1992), S. 368-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract After placement on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with 3–5 mg/l 2,4-D, immature inflorescence expiants of Echinochloa frumentacea gave rise to three distinct types of callus: a) loosely arranged and soft; b) compact and translucent; c) compact, sticky and mucilaginous. Somatic embryo formation occurred in type ‘b’ callus in about 18–24 d. Callus types ‘a’ and ‘c’ did not produce somatic embryos. The highest percentage of cultures exhibiting somatic embryogenesis occurred on the medium containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Somatic embryos also formed directly on the inflorescence (without intervening callus formation) in about 15% of the expiants placed on this medium. The addition of paclobutrazol or uniconazole (0.25 or 1 mg/l) to the medium had no influence on the percentage of cultures exhibiting direct somatic embryogenesis, but paclobutrazol slightly increased the mean number of somatic embryos per culture. Many of the callus-derived somatic embryos germinated when subcultured on basal MS medium supplemented with kinetin. Addition of paclobutrazol or uniconazole to the culture medium at 0.25 or 1 mg/l decreased somatic embryo germination and shoot elongation but increased root length and leaf width. Both paclobutrazol and uniconazole increased survival of the plantlets following transplanting to soil. Increased post-transplant survival was accompanied by reduced water loss from plantlets produced on culture media containing triazoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion ofin vitro shoot formation from excised roots of silktree (Albizzia julibrissin) by an oxime ether derivative and other ethylene inhibitors (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1995), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This report describes the regeneration response of excised seedling roots of silktree (Albizzia julibrissin) to added ethylene precursors/generators (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid [ACC], 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid [CEPA]), biosynthesis inhibitors (aminoethoxyvinylglycine [AVG], an oxime ether derivative [OED={[(ispropylidene)-amino]oxy}-acetic acid-2-(methoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester], CoCl2 [Co++]), and an ethylene action inhibitor (AgNO3 [Ag+]). When placed on B5 medium, about 50% of the control explants formed shoot buds within 15 days. Addition of ACC or CEPA (1–10 µM) to the culture medium decreased both the percentage of cultures forming shoots and the number of shoots formed per culture. In contrast, AVG and OED (1–10 µM) increased shoot formation to almost 100% and increased the number of shoots formed per culture. Likewise, both Co++ and Ag+ (1–10 µM) increased shoot regeneration, but the number of shoots produced after 30 days was less than with AVG or OED. The inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis were partially effective in counteracting the inhibitory effect of ACC on shoot formation. These results suggest that modulation of ethylene biosynthesis and/or action can strongly influence the formation of adventitious shoots from excised roots of silktree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690272
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal and seasonal patterns of net photosynthesis by irrigated Chrysothamnus nauseosus under field conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 11 (1987), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2 fixation ; ecophysiology ; gas exchange ; white rubber rabbitbrush
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. albicaulis (white rubber rabbitbrush) is a common deciduous C3 desert shrub which is a potential source of natural rubber and which exhibits high rates of net photosynthesis (Pn) for a woody species. When maintained under irrigated conditions in the field, rates of Pn on cloudless days were generally found to be highest during the cool morning hours (peak rates observed between about 0900 and 1000 hrs). Pn declined during mid-day hours and was approximately 75% of that observed in the early morning for the remainder of the light period. This decline in Pn was accompanied by about 26 μmol CO2.m−2.s−1 in mid-May (approximately 30 days after bud break) to about 48 μmol CO2.m−2.s−1 in early August. Thereafter, Pn declined gradually until leaf fall in November. These data indicate that rabbitbrush is capable of relatively high rates of Pn throughout a substantial portion of the growing season when maintained under irrigated conditions. This may, at least in part, account for the relatively high rates of growth observed under conditions of ample soil moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055060
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of 2-(3,4 dichlorophenoxy)-triethylamine on photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1986)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 8 (1986), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: enloroplast ultrastructure ; plant growth regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of foliar sprays of the growth regulator 2-(3,4 dichlorophenoxy)-triethylamine (DCPTA) on net photosynthesis (Pn) by intact bean plants depended upon concentration and the stage of development of the leaves. A single foliar spray of 2.0 mM DCPTA reduced Pn when applied to young expanding leaves but had little effect on fully expanded leaves. Lower DCPTA concentrations (0.2 to 0.8 mM) had no effect on Pn, unless applied more than once which resulted in reduced Pn. The DCPTA-induced inhibition of Pn was associated with chlorosis and aberrations in chloroplast ultrastructure. DCPTA did not affect stomatal resistance. When applied to detached leaf disks in the dark, DCPTA retarded the normal loss of chlorophyll suggesting that DCPTA may have anti-seneseent properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat shock tolerance and antioxidant activity in moth bean seedlings treated with tetcyclacis (1991)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors ; growth regulators ; moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) ; stress tolerance, tetcyclacis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal cv. Jaadia) seeds were germinated in the presence of 0, 18, or 36 μM solutions of the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, tetcyclacis. After 72 h, seedlings were exposed to 22 or 48°C for 90 min. The 48°C temperature dramatically increased total electrolyte and sugar leakage from the seedlings, particularly in the controls. Tetcyclacis reduced electrolyte and sugar leakage at 48°C by 15–35% compared to the 48°C controls. High temperature increased malondialdehyde concentration in control seedlings but not in treated seedlings indicating that tetcyclacis inhibited high temperature-induced lipid peroxidation. Relative to the control, tetcyclacis tended to increase the total activities of catalase and peroxidase in the seedlings. In contrast, tetcyclacis tended to decrease ascorbic acid oxidase activity, particularly at 48°C. These results suggest that tetcyclacis conferred at least some heat shock tolerance to moth bean seedlings. This increased tolerance was correlated with increased activities of some antioxidant systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024412
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