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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 51 (1979), S. 1960-1965 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 52 (1980), S. 483-487 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 53 (1981), S. 156-159 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 47 (2002), S. 669-699 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Over the past dozen years, studies comparing the expression of orthologues of the Drosophila segmentation genes among various insects have served to broaden our view of the ways in which insects make segments. The molecular data suggest that, although the overall genetic mechanisms of segmentation during embryogenesis have been conserved, the details of this process vary both within and between various insect orders. Here we summarize comparative gene expression data relevant to segmentation with an emphasis on understanding the extent of molecular patterning prior to gastrulation. These results are discussed in embryological context with an eye toward understanding the evolution of segmentation within insects.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 22 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Large-scale column experiments were undertaken to evaluate the potential of polymer mats to remove selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides (atrazine and fenamiphos) from ground water and potentially to act as permeable reactive barriers in contaminated ground water environments. The polymer mats, composed of interwoven silicone (dimethylsiloxane) tubes and purged with air, were installed in 2 m long flow-through columns. The polymer mats proved efficient in physically removing (stripping) benzene and naphthalene from contaminated water. Removal efficiencies for both these compounds from an aqueous phase flowing past a polymer mat were 75% or greater. However, for atrazine and fenamiphos, removal efficiencies were 5% or less, probably as a result of their lower Henry's law constants and possibly lower polymer diffusion coefficients.These experiments indicate that, at least for relatively volatile compounds, polymer mats can provide a remediation technique for the removal of organic compounds from contaminated water. Application of this technique may be well suited as a longer-term, semipassive strategy to remediate contaminated ground water, using natural ground water flow to deliver contaminated ground water to polymer mats engineered as sorption-stripping barriers.Additional benefits of this technique may include targeted delivery of gaseous chemical amendments, such as oxygen, to enhance aerobic biodegradation and to further reduce any residual concentrations of contaminants.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Fully deuterated benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene were used with bromide (inert reference) as ground-water and pollutant tracers inside a BTEX contaminated plume of anoxic ground water in the Swan coastal plain, Western Australia. Besides the determination of local aquifer parameters and retardation coefficients for several organic pollutants within the contaminated site, this natural gradient ground-water tracer test shows that deuterated organic compounds can be successfully used for in situ determination of natural biodegradation rates of organic pollutants. It suggests that toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene, but not benzene, degrade under sulfate-reducing conditions.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 260 (1976), S. 693-694 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tectonic analogies between the modern central Andes and the US Cordillera of Mesozoic and earliest Tertiary age have been discussed by Hamilton5,6, James7, and others. The Andes, a chain characterised by voluminous magmatic activity, are bounded on the west by the Peru?Chile trench, a zone of ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 99-114 
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: bird distributions ; Monte Carlo ; nearest neighbor ; point patterns ; randomization ; spatial pattern ; spatial statistics ; test of randomness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a nearest neighbor method for the spatial analysis of data collected from discrete field sampling sites. The method was applied to point counts of birds at permanent survey sites in the Nicolet National Forest of northeastern Wisconsin. The spatial analysis method we developed uses a Monte Carlo randomization approach to test for non-randomness not only of the mean nearest neighbor distance between n points but also the mean second nearest, third nearest,..., to (n−1)th nearest distances to reveal spatial information at multiple scales. Because the bird survey sites are not randomly distributed throughout the forest, the survey sites at which a given species was recorded were compared with random samples drawn from the total survey sites rather than from all possible points within the forest. More refined analyses restricted the randomization by (a) habitat type, in order to separate the effects of non-randomly distributed habitat types on species' distributions; and (b) north-south regions of the forest, in order to account for regional gradients in distribution which were evident for some species. Spatial patterns among the sites at which the birds were detected reveal information about the scale at which the birds are distributed in their environment and provide a more complete picture of multi-scale bird population dynamics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 77 (1988), S. 191-209 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Mylonitic gneisses of upper greenschist to middle amphibolite facies grade are exposed below the Whipple detachment fault in the Whipple Mountains metamorphic core complex. Fabric and microstructural analyses of the thick (〉3.5 km) mylonitic sequence indicate that it represents an intracrustal zone of non-coaxial laminar flow with a predominant sense of northeastward shear. The top of this shear zone is the Whipple mylonitic front, the abruptly gradational (locally within several meters) upper limit of pervasive ductile strain between a distinctive sequence of non-mylonitized crystalline rocks and their lower, mylonitized equivalents. Mylonitization of Oligo-Miocene age (26±5 Ma) is estimated to have occurred at depths of 16±4 km (4.4±1.1 kb) and at temperatures between 460–535 °C. Fission track and40Ar/39Ar age determinations from the mylonitic rocks collectively document their rapid cooling from above 450 °C to below 200 °C between 20 and 18 Ma ago. Rapid cooling is attributed to post-20 Ma uplift of mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of an evolving low-angle detachment fault system of extensional origin. The NE-rooting Whipple fault system and the mylonites are kinematically coordinated (same sense and direction of shear), but the faults of the system appear to have cut across the mylonites several million years after their formation. Lower-plate mylonites reached the earth's surface, where they were eroded, prior to 16 Ma ago. Minimum uplift rates for the mylonites and detachment fault system slip rates for the period 20−16 Ma ago are 3 and 7.2 mm/yr, respectively, assuming that the mylonites were captured at a minimum depth of 12 km by a fault system that dipped 25° through the upper crust. From available cooling data, higher rates for 20−18 Ma ago are likely. Cumulative displacement of rock units across major faults of the Whipple system appears to exceed 40–45 km.
    Abstract: Résumé Une série épaisse (〉3,5 km) de gneiss mylonitiques allant du facies supérieur des schistes verts au facies moyen des amphibolites affleure sous la faille de décollement de Whipple dans le complexe métamorphique des Whipple Mountains. L'analyse des fabriques et des microstructures de cette série mylonitique montre qu'elle représente une zone intracrustale de flux laminaire non coaxial, avec un glissement prédominant vers le nord-est. Le sommet de cette shear-zone est le front mylonitique de Whipple, qui marque l'apparition brusque (localement en quelques mètres) de la déformation ductile pénétrative, entre une série supérieure cristalline non mylonitique et ses équivalents mylonitiques inférieurs. La mylonitisation, d'âge oligocène-miocène (26±5 Ma) a dû s'effectuer à une profondeur de 16±4 km (4,4±1,1 Kb) et à des températures comprises entre 460° et 535 °C Les traces de fission et des datations40Ar/39Ar montrent que les mylonites ont subi un refroidissement rapide de plus de 450 °C à moins de 200 °C entre 20 et 18 Ma. Ce refroidissement rapide est attribué à la montée, à partir de 20 Ma, des gneiss mylonitiques lors du développement du système de failles de décollement extensionnelles, dont ils formaient le mur. L'ensemble des failles, à pied NE, et les mylonites sont cinématiquement coordonnés; le glissement s'y est effectué dans la même direction et le même sens; cependant, les failles ont coupé les mylonites plusieurs Ma après la formation de celles-ci. Les mylonites de la plaque inférieure ont atteint la surface du sol et y ont été soumise à l'érosion avant 16 Ma. Si on admet une surface de décollement inclinée à 25° coupant les mylonites à une profondeur d'au moins 12 km, les vitesses minimales de la montée des mylonites et du mouvement de long du décollement entre 20 et 16 Ma, ont dû être respectivement de 3 mm/an et 7,2 mm/an. D'après les données fournies par le refroidissement, les vitesses devaient être plus élevées pendant la période de 18 à 20 Ma. Le déplacement des masses rocheuses de long des failles majeures du système de Whipple semble exéder 40 à 45 km.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im metamorphen Komplex der Whipple Mountains sind unterhalb der Whipple-Abscherung mylonitische Gneise der oberen Grünschieferfazies und mittleren Amphibolitfazies aufgeschlossen. Gefügeuntersuchungen innerhalb der mächtigen (〉3,5 km) Mylonitsequenz zeigen, daß hier eine intrakrustale Zone nichtkoaxialen laminaren Fließens mit vorherrschend nordost gerichtetem Schersinn repräsentiert ist. Den obersten Teil dieser Scherzone bildet die Whipple Mylonitfront. Sie überspannt kontinuierlich innerhalb weniger Meter die Obergrenze durchdringender duktiler Deformation bis zu eindeutig nichtmylonitisierten Abfolgen kristalliner Gesteine und ihren tieferen mylonitisierten Äquivalenten. Es wird angenommen, daß die Mylonitisierung während des Oligo-Miozäns (26 ±1–5 Ma) in einer Tiefe von 16 ±4 km (4,4 ±1,1 kb) und bei Temperaturen zwischen 460–535 °C stattgefunden hat. Spaltspurenuntersuchungen und40Ar/39Ar-Datierungen aus den mylonitischen Gesteinen belegen zusammen ein rasches Abkühlen von über 450°C auf unter 200 °C im Zeitraum vor 20 bis 18 Ma. Die rasche Abkühlung wird dem vor 20 Ma beginnenden Aufstieg der mylonitischen Gneise am Fuß eines sich entwickelnden flachwinkligen, dehnungsbedingten Abscherungssystems zugeschrieben. Das nordost verwurzelte Whipple-Störungssystem und die Mylonite sind kinematisch gleichgerichtet, sie haben dieselbe Richtung und denselben Schersinn, dennoch haben die Störungen die Mylonite einige Millionen Jahre nach ihrer Bildung überschnitten. Tiefere Plattenmylonite erreichten so die Erdoberfläche und wurden vor 16 Ma erodiert. Die Minimalraten für den Aufstieg der Mylonite und die Bewegungen entlang der Abscherungssysteme für den Zeitraum vor 20 bis 16 Ma liegen jeweils zwischen 3 und 7,2 mm/yr. Dies unter der Annahme, daß die Mylonite in einer Tiefe von mindestens 12 km von einem mit 25° einfallenden Störungssystem geschnitten wurden. Aus den verfügbaren Daten müssen für den Zeitraum vor 20−18 Ma höhere Bewegungsraten angenommen werden. Der kumulative Versatz der Gesteinseinheiten entlang der Hauptstörungen des Whipplesystems scheint damit 40–45 km zu überschreiten.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: synthetic antimicrobial peptide ; prochymosin ; recombinant ; expression ; purification ; fusion protein ; inclusion bodies ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fusion protein was genetically engineered that contains an antimicrobial peptide, designated P2, at its carboxy terminus and bovine prochymosin at its amino terminus. Bovine prochymosin was chosen as the fusion partner because of its complete insolubility in Escherichia coli, a property utilized to protect the cells from the toxic effects of the antimicrobial peptide. This fusion protein was purified by centrifugation as an insoluble inclusion body. A methionine linker between prochymosin and the P2 peptide enabled P2 to be released by digestion with cyanogen bromide. Cation exchange HPLC followed by reversed-phase HPLC were used to purify the P2 peptide. The recombinant P2 peptide's molecular mass was confirmed by mass spectrometry to within 0.1% of the theoretical value (2480.9 Da), and the antimicrobial activity of the purified recombinant P2 against E. coli D31 was determined to be identical to that of the chemically synthesized peptide (minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 mg/mL). Although the yield of the fusion protein after expression by the cells was high (16% of the total cell protein), the percentage recovery of the P2 peptide in the inclusion bodies was relatively low, which appears to be due to losses in the cyanogen bromide digestion step. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 55-61, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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