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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL PHYTOTOXICITY OF 4-HYDROXY-3,5-DI-IODOBENZONITRILE (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 8 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. Ioxynil added to culture solution was of comparable toxicity to mustard, pea and barley at the end of a 2-week treatment period. When the destruction of chlorophyll and the decrease in reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride were studied in leaf discs infiltrated with ioxynil solutions, three to five times the concentration of ioxynil was required for barley compared with mustard to produce a similar response. Pea was intermediate.Recovery of ioxynil from sprayed barley plants (following washing) was highest I day after spraying; 2 days after, it had decreased to 37% and 9 days after, to 25% of the maximum. Recovery from mustard increased for the first 2–3 days and remained constant I'm the next 28 days. Separation of necrotic areas of treated mustard foliage confirmed that almost all the ioxynil remained in sprayed leaves which had subsequently been killed. Disappearance of ioxynil from barley was probably due to degradation, though only small amounts of ioxynil derivatives could be detected chromatographically.It is concluded that the differential phytotoxicity between barley and mustard is largely based on retention, supported by small differences associated with plant morphology, rates of uptake of ioxynil, its effects on plant metabolism and the ability of barley to degrade or inactivate it. Almost all the differences between mustard and pea were dependent on large differences in retention and small differences in rate of uptake and interference by ioxynil with plant metabolism. The first two were removed by adding a surfactant, and the last was sufficient only to delay the onset of phytotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01427.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE TRANSLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREE LABELLED HERBICIDES IN PASPALUM DISTICHUM L. (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 5 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plants of Paspalum distichum L. with two stolons growing over water were treated separately with the sodium salt of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid-36C1 (dalapon), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-14C (amitrole) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-dipyridylium dichloride-14C (paraquat) at four different situations on one stolon. Autoradiographs showed that both the amitrole and dalapon label accumulated in the apices of the treated stolons and in some of the young shoots growing from the base of the plant. The 14C from the paraquat label showed predominantly xylem translocating with no apical accumulation and little basal translocation. The results indicate that young basal shoots rely to some extent on assimilates from the mature stolons but that there is little transport between mature stolons.La migration et la distribution de trois Herbicides marqués dans Paspalum distichum L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1965.tb00362.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL PHYTOTOXICITY OF 4-HYDROXY-3,5-DI-IODOBENZONITRlLE (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 8 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. Entry of ioxynil-14C into portions of leaves was greater with mustard than with barley or pea and was unrelated to stomatal density. Measurement of ioxynil content of sprayed plants showed that by increasing the concentration of ioxynil and adding a surfactant, almost as much ioxynil could be made to enter barley as entered mustard from a lower concentration without surfactant. Auto radiographs showed that a limited amount of 14C was translocated to a small extent in plants following localized application of ioxynil-14C. An experiment comparing leaf removal by cutting with destruction of equivalent leaf areas by ioxynil treatment suggested a greater translocated effect of ioxynil with mustard than with pea or barley. Les principes de la phytotoxicité différentielle du 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-iodobetZonitrile II. Absorption et migration
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1968.tb01426.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL PHYTOTOXICITY OF 4-HYDROXY-3,5-DI-IODOBENZONITRILE (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 7 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. Retention of the spray solution was shown to be a major factor in the selectivity of ioxynil. Retention was high on mustard plants with or without surfactant(Tween 20). Very little ioxynil was retained by barley and pea plants when no surfactant was included in the spray hut inclusion of 0.1 or 1.0% Tween 20 increased retention. With 1.0% the retention on pea plants approached that on mustard, and there was then little differential toxicity. With no surfactant in the spray, mustard plants retained twenty-six times more ioxynil than barley plants. Addition of 01 or 1.0% surfactant increased retention by barley and reduced the differential to eleven times and eight times respectively. By varying the angle of barley leaves to the spray it was shown that the normal upright position results in reduced interception of a vertical spray and reflection of the drops without surfactant. It was concluded that for a given species growth reduction by ioxynil is largely conditioned by the amount retained and that apart from influencing retention, Tween 20 has no major independent action.At equivalent retention levels barley was much less susceptible than mustard or pea. Plants of mustard, pea and barley were treated either on the leaves only or over the whole exposed surface of the plant lo assess the influence of morphology on the response to ioxynil. There was no difference in the response of barley, but treatment by dipping aerial shoots of mustard and pea produced an effect twice that from treatment of the leaves alone at the same level of retention. The increased response of mustard and pea to whole shoot treatment is considered to be due primarily to the exposed stem and bud tissues of these species.Les bases de la toxicilé différentielle du 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-iodobenzomtrite I. Infiuence de la rétention de la bouillie et de la morphologie de la plante
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1967.tb01373.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Three Different Systems of Movement of Indoleacetic Acid in Intact Roots of Phaseolus coccineus (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 33 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Indoleacetic acid (IAA)-5-3H (2 × 10−9M) was applied to intact roots of Phaseolus coccineus seedlings, at the apex or 2 cm above the apex, at various pHs and in the presence of Cu2+ and NaCl. The transport of label in the roots was then examined after 6 h by cutting the roots into 1 mm sections above and below the zone of treatment. Basipetal movement from 2 cm above the apex was unafected by pH, Cu2+ or NaCl. Acropetal movement from the same area decreased with increasing pH from 5.4 to 8.0, probably due to an effect of pH on the entry of IAA into the cells. pH had no effect on sucrose transport. Cu2+ also inhibited acropetal movement but NaCl had no effect. Basipetal movement of label from the apex was reduced by Cu2+ and increasing pH, but not as much as with acropetal movement, and increased by the presence of NaCl. These facts are interpreted as showing 3 different systems of IAA movement in intact roots: basipetal from 2 cm up the root in some extracellular physical system; acropetal from 2 cm up the root, and basipetal from the apex, in a metabolically dependent intracellular system, but in different tissues of the root. It is proposed that endogenous IAA not only moves into the root from the stem but is also synthesized in the root apex, and moves basipetally for a short distance to the root growing zone in a separate system from the IAA descending from the stem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03171.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Uptake and Fractional Distribution of Differentially Labeled Indoleacetic Acid in Light Grown Stems (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The uptake of exogenously applied indoleacetic acid (IAA) by light grown stems of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red kidney) and pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) was examined. The IAA was labeled in the 1 and 2 side chain positions with 14C and the 5 ring position with 3H. The distribution of label in the sections was analyzed by recording the elution into water, ethanol and 1.0 N NaOH, and the amount in the insoluble residue also recorded. Total uptake consisted of a rapid uptake for about 1 h followed by continued uptake at a slower rate for 24 h to give a radioactive concentration in the tissues four to five times, that of the external solution. Most of the radioactivity was initially extractable by water, later by ethanol. With IAA-2-14C there was a slow increase in radioactivity in NaOH and residue fractions but with IAA-1-14C most of the radioactivity was present in insoluble residue at times longer than 3 h. From the different residue patterns estimates of the extent of decarboxylation of the IAA were made. The radioactivity in the tissues was largely IAA after 1 h and the content increased until 6 h but there after there was little further increase. The water fraction initially contained the most IAA but by 24 h most IAA was found in the NaOH fraction in bean and the ethanol fraction in pea. The NaOH fraction was the only fraction in which the IAA content continually increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb01157.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc(II) Chloride–Methanol Complex of 2-[(1,3-Dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-inden-2-ylidene)amino]-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dionate(1–) Sodium Salt: a Complex of Ruhemann's Purple (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1802-1805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195003325
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fate of Exogenously Applied Indoleacetic Acid in Light Grown Stems (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Elongating segments from light grown pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) and bean (Pbaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red kidney) stems were incubated in 10-5M indoleacetic acid (IAA)-1-14C,and -5-3H in the light. Radoactive derivatives, extracted in water, ethanol or ether, and 1 N sodium hydroxide at three different times were chromatographed in three separate systems and the different metabolites identified by their labeling and chromatographic characteristics. Major metabolites included indoleacetyl aspartate, possibly indoleacetyl glucoside, hydroxymethyloxindole, and in bean a further major unidentified compund. Other compounds occurred in lesser amounts. Indole aldehyde was present only in very small quantities. IAA breakdown commenced between 1 and 6 h of incubation, following which IAA decreased and most metabolites increased, though IAA was still present after 24 h. Alkaline hydrolysates contained mainly IAA at a level which changed little between 6 and 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb03612.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submerged reefs and terraces on the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1989)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 8 (1989), S. 87-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and distribution of seabed features on the shelf edge and upper slope adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, has been examined using shallow seismic profiling, side-scan sonar and precision echo sounding data, supplemented by submersible investigations. The data reveal a submerged barrier reef system at different locations between 15° 45′ S and 21° 00′ S. At two locations, an extensive offshore platform rising above the 50 m isobath and extending for over 20 km parallel to the shelf edge is backed by a relict lagoon at an average depth of 75 m. In addition, outer shelf and upper slope terraces are found at many depths; however, only some occur consistently throughout the region while most others occur only locally. Frequency distributions indicate the greatest occurrence of features at depths of 44–46, 60–66, 72–78, 80–84, 102–106 and 146–148 m. Caution should be exercised when interpreting these features with respect to specific lower sea level stands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301807
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a graft-transmissible substance which delays apical senescence in Pisum sativum L. (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Apical senescence ; Pisum ; Photomorphogenesis ; Grafting ; Growth regulators ; Senescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Apical senescence in an early flowering line of pea, G2, is greatly delayed by short days. This behavior is controlled by two dominant genes. Apical senescence of ungrafted, insensitive (I) lines is unaffected by photoperiod. When I-type scions with one of the two required genes were grafted onto G2, apical senescence of the I-type was delayed in short days, but not in long days. Flowering of the I-type was unaffected. The apex of the G2 stock was unaffected as well. Apical senescence of an I-type line lacking both photoperiod genes was not delayed when grafted on G2 in short days. It is concluded that G2 plants grown in short days produce a graft-transmissible factor which delays apical senescence of photoperiodically insensitive lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387982
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