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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethics in regulation (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Business ethics 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8608
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: This paper was given as the opening address at the 13th Annual European Business Ethics Network Conference' held in Cambridge 12–14 September 2000. The Chairman of the Financial Services Authority, Howard Davies, first outlined the background to the present approach to financial regulation in the UK. He described the principle-based regulatory regime which is now in the process of being implemented, and the role of rules, regulations and guidelines in making this effective. However, compliance is not sufficient; for the system to work there needs to be an ethical culture at the level of the organisation, and a commitment to integrity on the part of those who work in the sector. The Financial Services Authority aims to work with the industry to build individual and corporate responsibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00243
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The City of London and the Manufacturing Industry (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Business ethics 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8608
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Last October the Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry delivered the annual Gresham Special Lecture in Gresham College in the City of London, in which he considered ways of developing a closer and potentially more fruitful relationship between the City and the UK manufacturing industry. The lecture is here reproduced with permission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.1994.tb00067.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch metabolism in developing strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 121 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fruit starch reserves can be an important contributor to the sugar content of some ripe fruit, and despite the relatively high financial premiums (compared to other fruit) commanded by ripe strawberries, neither their starch or sugar biochemistry has been examined in detail. This study assessed the rate of starch biosynthesis and breakdown in developing strawberry and sought to determine the temporal changes in the activities of selected enzymes known to be involved in sucrose-starch interconversions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that starch levels appeared greatest in immature strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa, cv. Elsanta) at 7 days postanthesis, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of cells containing starch granules as ripening progressed. Levels of key enzymes of starch and sugar metabolism estimated using Western blotting and enzyme activity analysis showed that activities did not correlate with antigen levels. In particular, enzyme activity recovery experiments indicated that losses were due to non-proteinaceous inhibitors, and in particular protein binding: highlighting the potential for misinterpretation of enzyme activity data gathered from ripening (strawberry) fruit tissue extracts. Consequently, in vitro experiments using [U-14C] glucose revealed that incorporation to starch is low (11%) at the earliest developmental stages when starch content is greatest. Starch synthesis rate then declines to non-detectable levels as fruit expand and ripen. These results show that starch accumulates extremely early in the fruit formation process and that starch degradation predominates during fruit growth and development. We estimate that breakdown of transient starch can contribute up to 3% of the sugar accumulated in ripe fruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0338.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification, cloning and expression analysis of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) mitochondrial citrate synthase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 121 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salt-extractable proteins from the cell walls of immature and ripe strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta) fruit were separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven polypeptides (enzymes) were characterized from their N-terminal sequences: (1) glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12); (2) triose phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1); (3) mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH; EC 1.1.1.37); (4) NADH glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3); (5) chalcone synthase (ChS; EC 2.3.1.74); (6) mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS; EC 4.1.3.7); and (7) UDP glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UDPG:FGT; EC 2.4.1.91). The sequenced polypeptides identified only cytosolic proteins, two of which (ChS and UDPG:FGT) had already been identified as being up-regulated in ripening (strawberry) fruit and important contributors to ripe fruit character. Our focus was therefore diverted to the enzymes mMDH and mCS for further molecular characterization as potentially important determinants of fruit flavour via regulation of the sugar : acid balance. Citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme activities increased substantially during ripening, as did citrate and malate contents. The increase in CS activity is supported by western blot analysis. One strawberry mCS (Fa-mCS-I) and two mMDH (Fa-mMDH-I and -II) cDNAs were cloned that were 77, 82 and 53% identical (respectively) to sequences from other plant sources. Northern analysis showed that CS and MDH expression did not correlate with enzyme activities and these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00302.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porter’s Competitive Advantage Of Nations: Time For The Final Judgement? (2000)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Journal of management studies 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Porter’s (1990) Competitive Advantage of Nations (CAN) was heralded on publication as a book which could build a bridge between the theoretical literatures in strategic management and international economics, and provide the basis for improved national policies on ‘competitiveness’. This review of CAN draws on papers written since its publication to show that while it was enormously rich in its range and scope it fell far short of the claims made for it. That failure arose from a number of sources. Most fundamentally, there were elisions with respect to the object of the analysis which meant that explanations for productivity at national level became confused with explanations for industry level success in gaining market share. Second, there were fundamental misunderstandings of the factors which determine trade, particularly with respect to the principle of comparative advantage. Third, there were flaws in the methodology and mode of reasoning. Finally, the assertions which form the heart of CAN have been refuted. Sustained prosperity may be achieved without a nation becoming ‘innovation-driven’, strong ‘diamonds’ are not in place in the home bases of many internationally successful industries and inward foreign direct investment does not indicate a lack of ‘competitiveness’ or low national productivity. Policy-makers are left with a ‘laundry list’ on which to base simple SWOT-type analyses of their economies, but there is no reliable guide to policy. Developing countries in particular are inadvertently encouraged to pursue policies which might be harmful. Porter generalized inappropriately from the American experience, while confusing competition at industry level with trade at national level. CAN’s failure suggests that academicians of international business would be well advised to revisit the elementary economics of trade and growth before venturing too boldly into the field of policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00221
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uncertain but exciting future for banking (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Provides an overview of the directions, including wrong turnings, in which European and global banking is heading. Based on the viewpoint of Howard Davies, the head of the UK regulatory body the Financial Services Authority, covers issues such as greater regulation, Internet services and erosion of margins. Concludes that this is an exciting time to be in banking and those who succeed will have learnt to cope with today's speed of change and technology development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005387
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corporate governance and the development of global capital markets (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 10 (2002), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article, drawn from a speech Howard Davies made to the Securities regulatory Commission in China, the author contrasts the efforts which are being made in developing economies like China with the more established regulatory regimes like those of the UK and the USA. He argues that good corporate governance brings greater investment but there are important disciplines which ensure the strength of corporate governance and which must be firm but evolving to ensure success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09657960210440782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental changes in carbohydrate content and sucrose degrading enzymes in tuberising stolons of potato (Solanum tuberosum) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tuberising stolon tips of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Record) accumulate starch and sucrose but the hexose content, particularly fructose, declines rapidly. Similar changes occur in the region 2 cm behind the swelling apex but the decline in glucose is far more pronounced than in the developing tuber. Tuberisation is characterised by an apparent switch from an invertase-dominated sucrolytic system (both acid and alkaline invertases [EC 3.2.1.26] are present) to one dominated by sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13). Sucrose synthase and fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) activities were, at a maximum, ca 10- and 5-fold higher, respectively in the swelling stolon tip compared with the non-tuberising region. At the highest starch contents attained, the starch level in the young developing tuber was approximately double that in the adjacent non-tuberising stolon region. Immunoblots revealed that developmental changes in sucrose synthase. fructokinase and alkaline invertase polypeptides corresponded with enzyme activities. Antibodies raised against the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a soluble invertase purified from mature tubers did not detect significant quantities of a polypeptide in stolons and young, developing tubers. Antibodies raised against an in vitro expression product of an apoplastic invertase cloned from a leaf cDNA library detected a polypeptide in developing tubers but not in mature ones. However, expression of the protein did not correlate well with acid invertase activity during early tuber formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02533.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine Structure of Heterochromatin in Certain Cell Nuclei (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 208-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Some nuclei (Fig. 1(7) show an electron dense band (B2, Fig. 2) extending around much of their perimeter separated from both the inner membrane and the remainder of the chromatin by two relatively less electron dense bands (Bl, B3, Fig. 2) of approximately equal width: the whole forms a triple ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214208a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of ethylene and cell wall modifying enzymes in raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit ripening (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 105 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study focuses on four raspberry (Rubus idaeus) genotypes from two different genetic backgrounds: cvs Glen Prosen and Glen Clova, bred at the Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI) and genotypes bred at Horticulture Research International (HRI), East Malling (EM), EM 4997 and EM 5007. The ripe fruit of each genotype pair were characterised subjectively by raspberry breeders as relatively firm or soft, respectively. Different stages of fruit development from each genotype were used to quantify fruit firmness, rates of ethylene evolution and ripening rate. Penetrometry data confirmed suspected firmness differences. Firmness correlated with rates of ethylene evolution. Rates of ethylene production also correlated with receptacle size. Storage of green fruits in 20 μl l−1 ethylene reduced fruit firmness, enhanced respiration rate and colour (anthocyanin) development and stimulated the development of cell wall hydrolase activities. However, during natural ripening in the field, fruit respiration rate declined, which indicates a non-climacteric ripening pattern. In drupelets, the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), Cx-cellulase (Cx) and β-galactosidase (β-gal.) increased substantially as ripening progressed. More detailed studies with ripe fruit of cv. Glen Clova indicated major isoforms of PG at pIs 3.3, 8.6 and 10.1; of PME at pIs 7.2, 8.5, 8.7, 8.8; of Cx at pI 2.4; and of β-gal. at pIs 6.3 and 6.7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105220.x
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