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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 7 (1968), S. 349-354 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein von TNO entwickeltes Kapillar-Rheometer ermöglicht im Prinzip eine zuverlässige Messung der Viskosität verdünnter Polymerlösungen bei Schergefällen, bei denen auch die Messung der Strömungsdoppelbrechung ausgeführt werden kann. Für Newtonsche Flüssigkeiten wurde Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen vonUbbelohde-Messungen gefunden. Für mäßig konzentrierte Polymerlösungen wurde jedoch ein Unterschied gefunden, der mit dem Auftreten eines elastischen Eintrittseffektes bei denUbbelohde-Messungen zusammenhängen könnte.
    Notes: Summary A capillary rheometer developed by TNO enables, in principle, a reliable determination of the viscosity of dilute polymer solutions in the range of shear rates, where also measurements of the flow birefringence can be performed. For Newtonian liquids, agreement with the results ofUbbelohde measurements was found. For moderately concentrated solutions, however, a difference with the results ofUbbelohde measurements was observed, which may point to the presence of an elastic entrance effect in the latter measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 210 (1966), S. 112-118 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Strömungsdoppelbrechung der Lösungen zweier Polypropylenproben in Trans-Dekalin untersucht. Die Meßtemperatur beträgt 150 °C. Das viskosimetrische Molekulargewicht der Proben ist beinahe gleich, während die Breite ihrer Molekulargewichtsverteilungen sehr verschieden ist. Der Betrag der scheinbaren Knäuelaufweitung, wie er aus Daten der Strömungsdoppelbrechung berechnet wird, ist vor allem für die Form der Verteilungsfunktion im hochmolekularen Gebiet sehr empfindlich. Schlußfolgerungen über den Unterschied in der Schiefe der Verteilungen der zwei untersuchten Proben werden gezogen.
    Notes: Summary The flow birefringence of solutions of two samples of polypropylene is investigated. Trans-decalin is chosen as a solvent. The measuring temperature is 150 °C. The viscometric molecular weight of the samples is nearly the same, whereas the breadth of the molecular weight distribution is very different. The value of the apparent coil expansion, as calculated from flow birefringence data, is in particular very sensitive to the shape of the distribution function in the high molecular weight region. Conclusions are drawn as to the difference in skewness of the distributions of the two samples investigated.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 22 (1981), S. 5127-5128 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 657-662 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Gel ; surfactant ; microemulsions ; reverse micelles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that n-butane, condensed in autoclave, can readily dissolve the anionic surfactant AOT (bis-2-ethylhexylsodium sulphosuccinate) and that this solution solubilizes water up tow 0=molar ratio/water-AOT). The microemulsion can be transformed into a gel by solubilizing gelatin in the water microphase. These microemulsion gels are characterized by a very high viscosity (several hundred poise). However, the partial vapour pressure of the n-butane component in the gel is as high as in the liquid state. Infrared studies show that part of the water in the gel is still free. Stability diagrams of this system and1H-NMR studies to assess the state of water are presented. Analogously to reverse micelles from liquid hydrocarbons, the chemical shift of water protons is shifted to higher fields with respect to bulk water. This effect increases with decreasing temperature andw 0. At loww 0 values (〈 10), a part of the water in the micelles does not freeze even at −35°C. Due to the rapid evaporation of n-butane from the gel, gelatin films can be prepared simply by casting. Differential scanning calorimetry studies of the gels (from n-butane as well as from isooctane and other hydrocarbons) show that the films have a thermal stability comparable with, and sometimes higher than, gelatin films prepared by conventional methods. Preliminary permeability studies of these films with solutions of amino acid derivatives and with gas such as nitrogen and helium are presented.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 8 (1969), S. 526-527 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 77 (1965), S. 514-514 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 141-154 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Flow birefringence data for dilute solutions of various linear and branched polymers of different degrees of polydispersity are discussed. The polymers considered are polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. By making use of a well-known stress-optical relation, reduced elastic normal stresses, which can also be interpreted as coil expansions, are plotted against reduced shear stresses. As elastic normal stresses are rather sensitive to the shape of the molecular weight distribution at high molecular weight, a characteristic, p, related to the skewness of the distribution, is obtained. Experimental values of p are compared with theoretical ones based on special types of distribution functions. Attention is paid to the method of extrapolating experimental results to zero shear stress and concentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The copolymerization of olefins and acrylic monomers in the presence of alkylaluminum halides was studied in dichloromethane at -70°C. It was found that the copolymerization does not start spontaneously but is initiated only upon addition of oxygen or organic peroxides. The role of the aluminumorganic compound is dual in that it acts as a coinitiator and as complexing agent for the acrylic monomer as well as the resulting strictly alternating copolymer. High Lewis acid strength of the of the ethylaluminum chloride is advantageous with regard to the yield and the molecular weight of the copolymers, which are also effected by the relative and absolute concentrations of the various components in the system. Some of the material properties of the alternating copolymers are unique as compared to the corresponding (hypothetical) statistical copolymers and the parent homopolymers.
    Notes: Die unter präparativen Aspekten wichtigste Erkenntnis der Untersu-chungen ist, daß die Copolymerisation ürber komplexierte Monomere iiber den gesamten Verlauf kontrolliert werden kann, und nicht- wie in der Literatur beschrieben - spontan einsetzt; von grundsltzlich- er Bedeutung ist der totale Ausschluß van Oxidationsmitteln (Sauer-stoff, organische Peroxide) im System bevor die Polymerisation ge-startet wird. Die Polyreaktion weist viele Merkmale der klassischen, nach einem Radikalkettenmechanismus ablaufenden Polymerisation auf, und sowohl Umsatz als auch Molgewichte köronnen durch entsprechende Wahl der Reaktionskomponenten und -bedingungen iiber einen weiten Bereich kontrolliert werden; zu einem umfassenden Verständnis der Elementarschritte der Polyreaktion sind jedoch noch weitere Unter-suchungen erforderlich. Was die Eigenschaften der alternierenden Co-polymeren anbelangt, so hat die Charakterisierung der synthetisier-ten Polymeren gezeigt, daß das Eigenschaftsprofil deutlich von dem statistischer Copolymerer abweicht.Die Autoren danken dem Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie für diefinanzielle UnterstCitzung dieser Arbeiten. Den Herren Prof. Dr. H. Cherdron und Dr. L.L. Boöhm danken wir fürr wertvolle Hinweise und Diskussionen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 7 (1969), S. 459-462 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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