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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Ground water 43 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Calibration of ground water transport models is often performed using results of field tracer experiments. However, little attention is usually paid to the influence, on resulting breakthrough curves, of injection conditions and well-aquifer interactions, more particularly of the influence of the possible trapping of the tracer in the injection wellbore. Recently, a new mathematical and numerical approach has been developed to model injection conditions and well-aquifer interactions in a very accurate way. Using an analytical solution derived from this model, a detailed analysis is made of the evolution of the tracer input function in the aquifer. By varying injection conditions from one simulation to another, synthetic breakthrough curves are generated with the SUFT3D ground water flow and transport finite-element simulator. These tests show clearly that the shape of the breakthrough curves can be dramatically affected by injection conditions. Using generated breakthrough curves as “actual” field results, a calibration of hydrodispersive parameters is performed, neglecting the influence of injection conditions. This shows that neglecting the influence of actual injection conditions can lead to (1) errors on fitted parameters and (2) misleading identification of the active transport processes. Conclusions and guidelines are drawn in terms of proposed methodologies for better controlling the tracer injection in the field, in order to minimize risk of misinterpretation of results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The water supply in the Romanian counties of Olt and Vàlcea is mainly from groundwater from a deep aquifer system in Pliocene formations. Isotope analyses have been used to establish the supply area of the deep aquifer system. The age of the groundwater has been estimated for two samples by using 14C analysis. A simplified numerical model for a north–south cross-section has provided global values for the hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity of the aquifer system. The groundwater from permeable horizons deeper than 120–140 m is highly mineralised and is, therefore, inappropriate for use as a water supply. Because groundwater resources are limited, the water supply for industry and domestic use in urban regions cannot increase too much. Thus, the deep aquifer system could also be used as a water supply for rural regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 4 (1996), S. 72-83 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: RÉSUMÉ: L'alimentation en eau de la ville de Bucarest est assurée via trois stations de traitement principales. Ces stations sont alimentées à 80 pour-cent en eaux de surface par les captages dans les rivières Arges et Dambovita, et pour le reste par des pompages dans les aqufères situés à proximité de Bucarest. A cause de la proportion importante d'eau de surface utilisée, des problèmes périodiques de quantité d'eau sont enregistrés à la fin de l'été ou après de longues périods de gel intense. Il est donc souhaitable d'augmenter la proportion d'eau souterraine, et parmi les solutions envisagées, de rendre possible l'augmentation des pompages par une intensification de la recharge dans les aquifères superficiels. La zone étudiée couvre une superficie de 540 km 2 ; l'écoulement souterrain a été modeliséà une échelle régionale et, vu la relativement faible densité de données, la discrétisation horizontale consists en un maillage de 30×100 cellules de dimensions 600×300 m. Pour tenir compte le mieux possible des variations lithologiques verticales, un modèle composé de trois couches a été adopté. Latéralement, les deux rivières, Arges et Dambovita, constituent les limites de la zone étudiée. Après calibration du modèle sur une carte piézométrique mesurée, les temps de transfert convectif et les lignes de courant ont été estimées dans le contexte de l'etude de la recharge artificielle de l'aquifère. Selon les résultats de la simulation, l'option de cette recharge artificielle mérite des études ultérieures, car le temps de transfert entre le point de réinjection et celui de pompage est évalué actuellement à plus de cinq ans.
    Abstract: RESUMEN: La ciudad de Bucarest está abastecida de agua por medio de tres grandes plantas depuradoras. Estas plantas están suministradas, a su vez, por aguas superficiales de los ríos Arges y Dambovita (el 80%), y por aguas subterráneas procedentes de acuíferos cercanos a Bucarest. Sin embargo, y debido a la alta proporción de aguas superficiales usadas, periódicamente se presentan algunos problemas de suministro, coincidiendo con el final del verano o después de un largo periodo de intensas heladas. Sería, por tanto, deseable incrementar la proporción de agua subterránea, lo que supone, entre otras soluciones, la posibilidad de mantener en el acuífero libre superficial unos caudales bombeables mayores, mediante la utilización de recarga artificial. Dado que el área de estudio comprende unos 540 km 2 , el flujo de agua subterránea se modeló a escala regional, y, dada la baja densidad de datos, la discretización horizontal consiste en una red de 30×100 celdas de dimensión 600×300 m. Tras considerar la gran complejidad de las variaciones litológicas verticales, se adoptó un modelo formado por tres capas en vertical. Los dos ríos, Arges y Dambovita, constituyen dos de los límites laterales de la zona de estudio. El modelo se calibró a partir de un mapa de medidas piezométricas y se utilizó para evaluar tiempos de tránsito y líneas de corriente en el contexto de la recarga artificial del acuífero. Según los resultados del modelo, la recarga artificial es una opción que debe estudiarse en más profundidad en el futuro, ya que el tiempo de tránsito calculado entre el punto de recarga y el área de extracción es de más de cinco años.
    Notes: ABSTRACT: Bucharest's water supply is provided by three major water-treatment plants. These plants are supplied with surface water from the Arges and Dambovita Rivers (80 percent), and with groundwater from aquifers near Bucharest. However, due to the high proportion of surface water used, some problems with water quantity are periodically encountered at the end of summer or after long periods of intense freezing. It would thus be desirable to increase the proportion of groundwater usage and, among other solutions, to support increased pumping rates in the shallow phreatic aquifer by artificial recharge. Because the study area covers about 540 km 2 , groundwater flow was modeled on a regional scale and, because of the low density of data, the horizontal discretization consists of a network of 30×100 cells of dimension 600×300 m. After consideration of the complex interlayering of the lithologic units, three vertical model layers were adopted. The two important rivers, Arges and Dambovita, represent two lateral limits of the studied zone. After calibration of the model against a map of observed potentiometric heads, convective travel times and streamlines were assessed in the context of artificial recharge of the aquifer. According to the results of the simulation, artificial recharge options warrant further study, because the travel time between the recharge and pumping areas is simulated to be more than five years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words vulnerability ; karst ; groundwater protection ; sensitivity analysis ; Belgium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une analyse de la vulnérabilité d’un petit aquifère karstique du sud de la Belgique a été réalisée en appliquant la méthode paramétrique EPIK. L'aquifère est logé dans des calcaires karstifiés du Dévonien. Une carte de la vulnérabilité intrinsèque de l'aquifère et du captage existant montre trois zones de vulnérabilité. Une étude d’évaluation des paramètres et une analyse de sensibilité ont été conduites pour juger l'influence des paramètres sur l'estimation de la vulnérabilité de l'aquifère au moyen de la méthode EPIK. Cette approche fournit une méthodologie pour évaluer la cartographie de la vulnérabilité et pour interpréter d'une façon plus sûre les indices de vulnérabilité des ressources en eau des milieux karstiques.
    Abstract: Resumen Se ha efectuado un estudio de vulnerabilidad de un pequeño acuífero kárstico en el Sur de Bélgica mediante el método paramétrico EPIK. El acuífero consiste en calizas karstificadas del Devónico. El mapa de vulnerabilidad intrínseca del acuífero y del sistema local de abastecimiento indica la existencia de tres áreas vulnerables. Se estudió el balance de los parámetros y se hizo un análisis de sensibilidad para evaluar la influencia de cada parámetro en las valoraciones de vulnerabilidad de acuíferos utilizando el método EPIK. Este enfoque proporciona una metodología para evaluar zonas vulnerables y para obtener interpretaciones más robustas de los índices de vulnerabilidad en relación con los recursos de aguas subterráneas en medios kársticos.
    Notes: Abstract Applying the EPIK parametric method, a vulnerability assessment has been made for a small karstic groundwater system in southern Belgium. The aquifer is a karstified limestone of Devonian age. A map of intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer and of the local water-supply system shows three vulnerability areas. A parameter-balance study and a sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the influence of single parameters on aquifer-vulnerability assessment using the EPIK method. This approach provides a methodology for the evaluation of vulnerability mapping and for more reliable interpretation of vulnerability indices for karst groundwater resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
    Description: The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed next-generation, underground gravitational-wave detector to be based in Europe. It will provide about an order of magnitude sensitivity increase with respect to the currently operating detectors and, also extend the observation band targeting frequencies as low as 3 Hz. One of the first decisions that needs to be made is about the future ET site following an in-depth site characterization. Site evaluation and selection is a complicated process, which takes into account science, financial, political, and socio-economic criteria. In this paper, we provide an overview of the site-selection criteria for ET, provide a formalism to evaluate the direct impact of environmental noise on ET sensitivity, and outline the necessary elements of a site-characterization campaign.
    Description: Published
    Description: 094504
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: site characterization ; Einstein Telescope ; Gravitational Waves
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: The intermittent nature of most renewable energy sources requires their coupling with an energy storage system, with pumped storage hydropower (PSH) being one popular option. However, PSH cannot always be constructed due to topographic, environmental, and societal constraints, among others. Underground pumped storage hydropower (UPSH) has recently gained popularity as a viable alternative and may utilize abandoned mines for the construction of the lower reservoir in the underground. Such underground mines may have complex geometries and the injection/pumping of large volumes of water with high discharge could lead to uneven water level distribution over the underground reservoir subparts. This can temporarily influence the head difference between the upper and lower reservoirs of the UPSH, thus affecting the efficiency of the plant or inducing structural stability problems. The present study considers an abandoned slate mine in Martelange in Southeast Belgium as the lower, underground, reservoir of an UPSH plant and analyzes its hydraulic behavior. The abandoned slate mine consists of nine large chambers with a total volume of about 550,000 m3, whereas the maximum pumping and turbining discharges are 22.2 m3/s. The chambers have different size and they are interconnected with small galleries with limited discharge capacity that may hinder the flow exchange between adjacent chambers. The objective of this study is to quantify the effect of the connecting galleries cross-section and the chambers adequate aeration on the water level variations in the underground reservoir, considering a possible operation scenario build upon current electricity prices and using an original hydraulic modelling approach. The results highlight the importance of adequate ventilation of the chambers in order to reach the same equilibrium water level across all communicating chambers. For fully aerated chambers, the connecting galleries should have a total cross-sectional area of at least 15 m2 to allow water flow through them without significant restrictions and maintain similar water level at all times. Partially aerated chambers do not attain the same water level because of the entrapped air; however, the maximum water level differences between adjacent chambers remain relatively invariant when the total cross-sectional area of the connecting galleries is greater than 8 m2. The variation of hydraulic roughness of the connecting galleries affects the water exchange through small connecting galleries but is not very influential on water moving through galleries with large cross-sections.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2000-06-20
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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