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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of a novel Kexin family protease, PACE4E, in the rat olfactory system (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  PACE4 is a mammalian Kexin family protease that is involved in the maturation of precursor proteins. Four PACE4 isoforms have been identified. We identified a novel PACE4 isoform, PACE4E, from a human cerebellum cDNA library, which possesses a hydrophobic cluster in its C-terminus participating in membrane association. The size of PACE4E mRNA from adult rat brain was estimated by Northern blotting to be 4.4 kb. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the highest level of PACE4E mRNA was expressed in the mitral cells of the adult rat olfactory bulb (OB). The OB is a unique sensory organ in that it has a lifelong regenerating capacity and it affects brain development. We further analyzed the expression of PACE4E mRNA in the developing olfactory system. On day 13.5 of gestation, PACE4E mRNA was expressed at high levels in the neuroepithelium of the forebrain vesicle (FV), olfactory epithelium, and cells in the fiber bundles projecting to the FV. As development proceeded, PACE4E mRNA was expressed in developing mitral cells but decreased in the olfactory epithelium. In the newborn, its expression was confined to the mitral cells in both the main and accessory OB and in some periglomerular cells, as shown in adult rats. The spatio-temporal expression of PACE4E suggests that it plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of the olfactory receptor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050150
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory surface phenomena in freeze-etched preparations of the adenohypophysical cells and neurosecretory fibers (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Neurohypophysis ; Exocytosis ; Freeze-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The freeze-etching technique was used in studies of cell surface phenomena during the release of secretory products from the adenohypophysis and from neurosecretory terminals of rats in which exocytosis had been stimulated by the administration of hypothalamic extracts (somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs and mammotrophs) or severe hemorrhage (neurohypophysis). The observations suggest that secretory granules are extruded through an opening at the tip of a protrusion of the cellular surface. The protrusions seem to result from the abutting of secretory granules on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. These structural details revealed in freeze-etched preparations have not been seen previously in conventional micrographs of ultrathin sections and may provide a clue to the mechanism of secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307441
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of rat pituitary primordium in organ culture (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 453-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; Primordium ; Rat ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To see whether adenohypophysial tissue has the capacity of self-differentiation, Rathke's pouch together with part of the neurohypophysial primordium was isolated from 12-(Group A), 14- (Group B) and 15-day-old (Group C) rat fetuses and cultivated for 9, 6 and 5 days, respectively. Electron microscopic examination of these explants showed many adenohypophysial cells containing electron dense granules, indicative of cytodifferentiation in all groups. Three cell types were distinguishable on the basis of the size of their granules. Variable amounts of neurohypophysial tissue were seen in some explants of Groups B and C, but not A. This “pars nervosa” contained pituicytes with lipid-like inclusions in their cytoplasm but no neurosecretory axons. The adenohypophysial cells abutting on the pars nervosa were arranged rather regularly like cells of the pars intermedia which contained a few granules of about 200 mμ diameter. From these data it is concluded that in rats granule formation in the adenohypophysial primordial cells starts in the absence of hypothalamic neurosecretory substances. It is uncertain from this study whether these cells actually contain hypophysial hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347175
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual difference in LH-cells of the neonatal rats as revealed by immunocytochemistry (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-cells ; Population ; Postnatal development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Localization and number of pituitary LH-cells were studied in neonatal male and female rats (from the birth to 12th day) applying anti-HCG serum in immunoenzymological procedures. The cells increased in number with developing age after birth. The cells in males and females were equal in number until 4 days of age, whereas thereafter the increase of the cell number in females exceeded that in males. After birth, the cells are mainly concentrated ventrally, being ventro-lateral in the anterior region but converging into the medial-ventral area in the posterior part of the gland. Some dispersion in a dorsal direction is also noted in the latter region. At birth the cells begin to appear in the dorsal area in the anterior portion, as well as in the posterior portion, particularly in the area close to the intermediate lobe and in the zone adjacent to the residual lumen. This was particularly evident in females after 4 days of age. Thus it is concluded that in rats the sexual differences in the pituitary become apparent after the 4th day of postnatal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219836
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on adenohypophysial primordia in organ culture (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary primordium ; Cytodifferentiation ; Rat ; Organ culture ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rathke's pouches isolated from rat fetuses on day 12 were maintained in organ culture for 9 days and investigated immunohistochemically to test whether or not the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the adenohypophysis. The unlabeled antibody enzyme method demonstrated that the cultured tissue contains different types of glandular cells, i.e., adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-, growth hormone (GH)-, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, thyrotropin (TSH)-, and prolactin-producing cells. Indirect evidence was also obtained to indicate the presence of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-cells. These findings suggest that adenohypophysial primordial cells of rats start to synthesize their respective hormones without stimuli from neurosecretory substances of the brain which are known to be essential for the maintenance of the secretory activity of the adult gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220135
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the development of CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF-neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Development, ontogenetic ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Appearance of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons was studied in developing hypothalamus of the rat by use of antisera against rat- and ovine CRF. These neurons were first recognized in the lateral and paraventricular nuclei on days 15.5 and 16.5 of gestation, respectively, when antiserum against rat CRF was employed. Antiserum against ovine CRF revealed the cells two days later exclusively in the latter nucleus. In both nuclei, the neurons increased in number with development. The neurons in the paraventricular nucleus appeared to project their immunoreactive processes to the median eminence via the periventricular and lateral pathways. In the median eminence, the immunoreaction with antiserum to rat CRF was first recognized in its anterior portion in the form of dots on day 16.5 of gestation but as beaded fibers in the external layer on day 17.5; these structures increased in amount with development in rostro-caudal direction. Although antiserum to ovine CRF was less potent in immunostainability than antiserum to rat CRF, it also revealed the beaded fibers in the median eminence on day 17.5 of gestation. Since evidence is available that the paraventricular nucleus is involved in corticotropin release, it is concluded that, in rats, the hypothalamic regulatory mechanism controlling the release of corticotropin initially appears on days 16.5–17.5 of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219870
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Neurosecretory neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactive CRF-neurons of the rat hypothalamus have been examined immunohistochemically employing anti-rat CRF serum. These neurons are confined to the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial-lateral hypothalamic area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus, and are, respectively, also immunoreactive to anti-Met-enk, -alpha-MSH, and -VIP sera. Intraventricular administration of colchicine (50 μg/5 μl/rat) induces a dramatic enhancement of the immunostainability of the cell somata, and also accelerates the development of immunoreactivity of other stored peptides, especially in the paraventricular nucleus. The CRF-neurons respond to adrenalectomy by showing increased immunoreactivity and an increase in the number of cell bodies; in the dorsomedial-lateral area and suprachiasmatic nucleus, there is also an enhanced immunoreactivity for alpha-MSH and VIP, respectively. CRF-cells in the paraventricular nucleus become markedly hypertrophied, but do not show any enhanced immunoreactivity for Met-enk. Since the axons of the paraventricular neurons run to the median eminence, it is probable that they are involved with the endocrine control of hypophysial ACTH release. It is concluded that the CRF-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus consist of three types which are functionally and morphologically different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216347
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic appearance of somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the median eminence of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Ontogenesis ; Electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the rat median eminence (ME) has been examined electron-microscopically. Nerve fibers containing ir particles scattered throughout the axoplasm are first seen in the external layer of the ME on day 18.5 of gestation, and, on day 21.5 appear to terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space of the portal vessels. After birth, the fiber terminals contain several membrane-limited granules, which are labeled with ir PAP particles. Ultrathin, Epon-embedded sections of ME, treated by the protein A gold-labeling method for somatostatin, demonstrate positively labeled granules in the nerve fibers in the postnatal ME, but in the prenatal tissue, no specific gold-labeling is found. These findings show that, in the external layer of the ME, somatostatin storing occurs in the granules in the axonal terminals after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216512
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative observations of the effect of sex-steroids on the postnatal development of LH-cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Castration ; LH-cells ; Rat ; Development ; Sex-steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sex-steroids on the LH-cell development in neonatal rats were studied. The cells were stained immunohistochemically by applying anti-HCG serum. On the second day after birth some of the animals of both sexes were gonadectomized and simultaneously injected with testosterone or estradiol (50 or 200 μg). The remaining animals were either gonadectomized or injected with either one of the sex-steroids. The LH-cell numbers in each group were determined on the 12th day of age from serially cut histological sections of the pituitary. In castrated males the number of LH-cells was about twice that of the intact animals. In the so-called sex-zone, LH-cells tended to be hypertrophied in castrates. These alterations in the appearance of LH-cells did not occur after ovariectomy. In gonadectomized animals injected with sexsteroids (200 μg), the cells were markedly reduced in number and size, both in males and females. Testosterone injection (50 μg) into intact newborn animals also suppressed the numerical development of LH-cells, especially in females. These alterations were particularly evident in the sex-zone in both sexes. Thus the present findings show that sex-steroids may be involved in sexual differences in morphological development of LH-cells in newborn rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219786
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragranular colocalization of arginine vasopressin and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide in CRF-axons in the rat median eminence (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immuno-electron microscopy ; Triple-immunogold-labeling ; CRF axon terminal ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural appearances of axonal terminals containing corticoliberin (CRF) were examined in the rat median eminence prepared by a freeze-drying procedure. Immunolabeling was performed by using 5-, 8-, or 15-nm gold-antibody complexes for CRF, arginine vasopressin (VP) and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide (Enk-8), singly or in combination. In intact animals, the CRF-containing secretory granules were only slightly labeled with goldanti-VP or -Enk-8. In adrenalectomized rats, granules within single axons appeared to be labeled with all the immunogold complexes. This intragranular colocalization of the three antigens was confirmed by using three neighboring sections of the same axon terminals which were stained separately with each one of the antibodies and visualized with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The granules labeled for CRF had decreased 9 days after adrenalectomy but had increased again by day 21, while those labeled for VP steadily increased after adrenalectomy. However, this did not correspond with the appearances of cell bodies in the paraventricular nucleus; the cell bodies labeled for both CRF and VP steadily increased in number and in stainability. By contrast, Enk-8 immunoreactivity in the axonal terminals and cell bodies was not affected by adrenalectomy. These findings suggest that although the three peptides could be released simultaneously from the axonal terminals, VP may play some special role in the expression of CRF activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217321
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