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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Arising from S. Pawar, A. I. Dell & V. M. Savage 486, 485-489 10.1038/nature11131(2012)A recent paper by Pawar and colleagues has provided important insights into the consequences of foraging behaviour for food-web dynamics. One notable pattern predicted by their analysis is that consumption rate (c) scales superlinearly (cm(1.16)) with consumer body mass (m) in three-dimensional (3D), but not two-dimensional (2D), foraging spaces. Although we feel that the authors should be applauded for this interesting contribution, we argue that their result is not consistent with established life-history theory. To resolve this contradiction, progress in both fields is probably required, including new empirical studies in which consumption rate, metabolism and dimensionality are examined directly under natural conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giacomini, Henrique C -- Shuter, Brian J -- de Kerckhove, Derrick T -- Abrams, Peter A -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):E1-2; discussion E2-3. doi: 10.1038/nature11829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; *Food Chain ; *Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-07-09
    Description: Movement is a fundamental aspect of the population and community ecology of many organisms, yet, until recently, it has been difficult to measure in the wild. Consequently, simple assumptions are often used to represent movement; a key assumption found in many classic theoretical ecological models (e.g., predator–prey interactions) is that organisms move like ideal gas particles. Here, we test whether this assumption adequately describes the movement of the Cisco ( Coregonus artedi ) and its schools using fisheries acoustic surveys and mathematical models. We find that several of the individual components of an ideal gas model (IGM) have some inconsistencies with Cisco behavior, yet overall patterns of school formation are close to IGM expectations. For both individual fish and schools: 1) the spatial distributions were random or slightly clumped; 2) the swimming speed distributions were unimodal but significantly different from normal; 3) horizontal movement was more frequent than depth changes; and 4) movement trajectories across the acoustic beam sometimes deviated from straight lines. However, including the average individual and school swimming speeds and known nighttime densities in an IGM generated values that were similar to the observed values for: 1) the time required for schools to form in the morning and 2) school encounter rates.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
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