ALBERT

Description: Multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are increasingly used for regenerative purposes such as soft tissue reconstruction following mastectomy; however, the ability of tumors to commandeer ASC functions to advance tumor progression is not well understood. Through the integration of physical sciences and oncology approaches we investigated the capability of tumor-derived chemical and mechanical cues to enhance ASC-mediated contributions to tumor stroma formation. Our results indicate that soluble factors from breast cancer cells inhibit adipogenic differentiation while increasing proliferation, proangiogenic factor secretion, and myofibroblastic differentiation of ASCs. This altered ASC phenotype led to varied extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and contraction thereby enhancing tissue stiffness, a characteristic feature of breast tumors. Increased stiffness, in turn, facilitated changes in ASC behavior similar to those observed with tumor-derived chemical cues. Orthotopic mouse studies further confirmed the pathological relevance of ASCs in tumor progression and stiffness in vivo. In summary, altered ASC behavior can promote tumorigenesis and, thus, their implementation for regenerative therapy should be carefully considered in patients previously treated for cancer.

Description: Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40 degrees to 60 degrees C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from 〈10 to ~10(4) cells cm(-3). Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inagaki, F -- Hinrichs, K-U -- Kubo, Y -- Bowles, M W -- Heuer, V B -- Hong, W-L -- Hoshino, T -- Ijiri, A -- Imachi, H -- Ito, M -- Kaneko, M -- Lever, M A -- Lin, Y-S -- Methe, B A -- Morita, S -- Morono, Y -- Tanikawa, W -- Bihan, M -- Bowden, S A -- Elvert, M -- Glombitza, C -- Gross, D -- Harrington, G J -- Hori, T -- Li, K -- Limmer, D -- Liu, C-H -- Murayama, M -- Ohkouchi, N -- Ono, S -- Park, Y-S -- Phillips, S C -- Prieto-Mollar, X -- Purkey, M -- Riedinger, N -- Sanada, Y -- Sauvage, J -- Snyder, G -- Susilawati, R -- Takano, Y -- Tasumi, E -- Terada, T -- Tomaru, H -- Trembath-Reichert, E -- Wang, D T -- Yamada, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):420-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6882. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. ; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. ; College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. ; Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. ; Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. ; Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ; Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan. ; Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK. ; Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversitat, 8700 Leoben, Austria. ; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. ; Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. ; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China. ; Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. ; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. ; Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. ; School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. ; Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan. ; Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. ; Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Methane is a key component in the global carbon cycle, with a wide range of anthropogenic and natural sources. Although isotopic compositions of methane have traditionally aided source identification, the abundance of its multiply substituted "clumped" isotopologues (for example, (13)CH3D) has recently emerged as a proxy for determining methane-formation temperatures. However, the effect of biological processes on methane's clumped isotopologue signature is poorly constrained. We show that methanogenesis proceeding at relatively high rates in cattle, surface environments, and laboratory cultures exerts kinetic control on (13)CH3D abundances and results in anomalously elevated formation-temperature estimates. We demonstrate quantitatively that H2 availability accounts for this effect. Clumped methane thermometry can therefore provide constraints on the generation of methane in diverse settings, including continental serpentinization sites and ancient, deep groundwaters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, David T -- Gruen, Danielle S -- Lollar, Barbara Sherwood -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Stewart, Lucy C -- Holden, James F -- Hristov, Alexander N -- Pohlman, John W -- Morrill, Penny L -- Konneke, Martin -- Delwiche, Kyle B -- Reeves, Eoghan P -- Sutcliffe, Chelsea N -- Ritter, Daniel J -- Seewald, Jeffrey S -- McIntosh, Jennifer C -- Hemond, Harold F -- Kubo, Michael D -- Cardace, Dawn -- Hoehler, Tori M -- Ono, Shuhei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):428-31. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4326. Epub 2015 Mar 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada. ; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ; Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X5, Canada. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. ; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. sono@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microbial life inhabiting subseafloor sediments plays an important role in Earth’s carbon cycle. However, the impact of geodynamic processes on the distributions and carbon-cycling activities of subseafloor life remains poorly constrained. We explore a submarine mud volcano of the Nankai accretionary complex by drilling down to 200 m below the summit. Stable isotopic compositions of water and carbon compounds, including clumped methane isotopologues, suggest that ~90% of methane is microbially produced at 16° to 30°C and 300 to 900 m below seafloor, corresponding to the basin bottom, where fluids in the accretionary prism are supplied via megasplay faults. Radiotracer experiments showed that relatively small microbial populations in deep mud volcano sediments (10 2 to 10 3 cells cm –3 ) include highly active hydrogenotrophic methanogens and acetogens. Our findings indicate that subduction-associated fluid migration has stimulated microbial activity in the mud reservoir and that mud volcanoes may contribute more substantially to the methane budget than previously estimated.

Description: Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from 〈10 to ~10**4 cells cm**-3. Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.

Description: This data set documents data for a publication currently under consideration at Science. It documents data obtained for IODP Site C0023 during IODP Expedition 370. The data include: concentration of microbial cells and concentration of endospores in sediments, concentration and isotopic composition of methane and acetate in interstitial waters.