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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Non-linear variability in geophysics : scaling and fractals (1991)
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 91.0611 ; PIK N 456-94-0121
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 318 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0792309855
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
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    Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics: Scaling and Fractals (1991)
    Kluwer
    In:  Dordrecht, Kluwer, vol. 15, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 23-40, (ISBN 1-4020-3326-5, VIII + 343 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; FractureT ; Scaling ; Non-linear effects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Bacteria to alleviate metabolic syndrome (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1078-8956
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-170X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    The temporal cascade structure of reanalyses and global circulation models (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: The spatial stochastic structure of deterministic models of the atmosphere has been shown recently to be well modelled by multiplicative cascade processes; in this paper we extend this to the time domain. Using data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting's (ECMWF) reanalyses (ERA40) and two meteorological models (Global Forecast System and Global Environmental Multiscale), we investigate the temporal cascade structures of the temperature, humidity and zonal wind at various altitudes, latitudes and forecast times. First, we estimate turbulent fluxes from the absolute second-order time differences, showing that the fluxes are generally very close to those estimated in space at the model dissipation scale; thus validating the flux estimates. We then show that temporal cascades with outer scales typically in the range 5–20 days can accurately account for the statistical properties over the range from 6 h up to 3–5 days. We quantify the (typically small) differences in the cascades from model to model, as functions of latitude, altitude and forecast time. By normalizing the moments by the theoretical predictions for universal multifractals, we investigate the ‘Levy collapse’ of the statistics somewhat beyond the outer cascade limit into the low-frequency weather regime. Although due to finite size effects and the small outer temporal scale, the temporal scaling range is narrow (12–24 h up to 2–10 days), we compare the spatial and temporal statistics by constructing space-time (Stommel) diagrams, finding space-time transformation velocities of 450–1000 km day −1 , comparable to those predicted based on the solar energy flux driving the system. This transition time-scale corresponding to planetary size structures objectively defines the transition from usual weather to a low-frequency weather regime with much lower variability. Finally, we discuss the implications for ensemble forecasting systems, stochastic parametrization and stochastic forecasting. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Multifractal behavior of long term karstic discharge fluctuations (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-22
    Description: Karstic watersheds are highly complex hydrogeological systems that are characterized by a multi-scale behavior corresponding to the different pathways of water in these systems. The main issue of karstic spring discharge fluctuations consists in the presence and the identification of characteristic time-scales in the discharge time series. In order to identify and characterize these dynamics, we acquired, for many years at the outlet of two karstic watershed in South of France, discharge data at 3-mn, 30-mn and daily sampling rate. These hydrological records constitute to our knowledge the longest uninterrupted discharge time series available at these sampling rates. The analysis of the hydrological records at different levels of detail leads to a natural scale analysis of these time series in a multifractal framework. From a universal class of multifractal models based on cascade multiplicative processes, the time series first highlights two cut-off scales around 1-h and 16-h that correspond to distinct responses of the aquifer drainage system. Then we provide estimates of the multifractal parameters α and C 1 and the moment of divergence q D corresponding to the behavior of karstic systems. These results constitute the first estimates of the multifractal characteristics of karstic spingflows based on 10 years of high resolution discharge time series and should lead to several improvements in rainfall-karstic springflow simulation models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Joint horizontal-vertical anisotropic scaling, isobaric and isoheight wind statistics from aircraft data (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-08
    Description: Aircraft measurements of the horizontal wind have consistently found transitions from roughly k−5/3 to k−2.4 spectra at scales Δxc ranging from about 100–500 km. Since drop sondes find k−2.4 spectra in the vertical, the simplest explanation is that the aircraft follow gently sloping trajectories (such as isobars) so that at large scales, they estimate vertical rather than horizontal spectra. In order to directly test this hypothesis, we used over 14500 flight segments from GPS and TAMDAR sensor equipped commercial aircraft. We directly estimate the joint horizontal-vertical (Δx, Δz) wind structure function finding - for both longitudinal and transverse components - that the ratio of horizontal to vertical scaling exponents is Hz ≈ 0.57 ± 0.02, close to the theoretical prediction of the 23/9D turbulence model which predicts Hz = 5/9 = 0.555…. This model also predicts that isobars and isoheight statistics will diverge after Δxc; using the observed fractal dimension of the isobars (≈1.79 ± 0.02), we find that the isobaric scaling exponents are almost exactly as predicted theoretically and Δxc ≈ 160, 125 km, (transverse, longitudinal). These results thus give strong direct support to the 23/9D scaling stratification model.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Stochastic and scaling climate sensitivities: Solar, volcanic and orbital forcings (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-05
    Description: Climate sensitivity (λ) is usually defined as a deterministic quantity relating climate forcings and responses. While this may be appropriate for evaluating the outputs of (deterministic) GCM's it is problematic for estimating sensitivities from empirical data. We introduce a stochastic definition where it is only a statistical link between the forcing and response, an upper bound on the deterministic sensitivities. Over the range ≈30 yrs to 100 kyrs we estimate this λ using temperature data from instruments, reanalyses, multiproxies and paleo spources; the forcings include several solar, volcanic and orbital series. With the exception of the latter - we find that λ is roughly a scaling function of resolution Δt: λ ≈ ΔtHλ, with exponent 0 ≈ 〈 Hλ ≈ 〈 0.7. Since most have Hλ 〉 0, the implied feedbacks must generally increase with scale and this may be difficult to achieve with existing GCM's.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Space-time cascades and the scaling of ECMWF reanalyses: Fluxes and fields (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-29
    Description: We consider the space-time scaling properties of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis products for the wind (u, v, w), humidity (hs), temperature (T), and geopotentials (z) and their corresponding turbulent fluxes using the daily 700 mbar products for the year 2006. Following previous studies on T, hs, and u, we show that that the basic predictions of multiplicative cascade models are well respected over space-time scales below ∼5000 km, shorter than ∼5–10 days providing precise scale by scale determination of the reanalysis statistical properties (needed for example for stochastic parameterizations in ensemble forecasting systems). We innovate by including the meridional and vertical wind components (v, w) and geopotential (z), and by considering their horizontal anisotropies, their latitudinal variations and, perhaps most importantly, by directly analyzing the fields (not just fluxes). Whereas the fluxes have nearly isotropic exponents in space-time with little latitudinal variation (displaying only scale independent “trivial” anisotropy), the fields have significant scaling horizontal anisotropies. These complicate the interpretation of standard isotropic spectra and are likely to be artifacts. Many of the new (nonconservation) exponents (H) are nonstandard and currently have no adequate theoretical explanation although the key horizontal wind and temperature H exponents may be consequences of horizontal Kolmogorov scaling, combined with sloping isobaric surfaces. In time the scaling is broken at around 5–10 days, i.e., roughly the lifetime of planetary structures; lower frequencies are spectrally flatter: the “spectral plateau,” weather-low-frequency weather regime.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    The temporal cascade structure of reanalyses and global circulation models (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-29
    Description: The spatial stochastic structure of deterministic models of the atmosphere has been shown recently to be well modelled by multiplicative cascade processes; in this paper we extend this to the time domain. Using data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting's (ECMWF) reanalyses (ERA40) and two meteorological models (Global Forecast System and Global Environmental Multiscale), we investigate the temporal cascade structures of the temperature, humidity and zonal wind at various altitudes, latitudes and forecast times. First, we estimate turbulent fluxes from the absolute second-order time differences, showing that the fluxes are generally very close to those estimated in space at the model dissipation scale; thus validating the flux estimates. We then show that temporal cascades with outer scales typically in the range 5–20 days can accurately account for the statistical properties over the range from 6 h up to 3–5 days. We quantify the (typically small) differences in the cascades from model to model, as functions of latitude, altitude and forecast time. By normalizing the moments by the theoretical predictions for universal multifractals, we investigate the ‘Levy collapse’ of the statistics somewhat beyond the outer cascade limit into the low-frequency weather regime. Although due to finite size effects and the small outer temporal scale, the temporal scaling range is narrow (12–24 h up to 2–10 days), we compare the spatial and temporal statistics by constructing space-time (Stommel) diagrams, finding space-time transformation velocities of 450–1000 km day −1 , comparable to those predicted based on the solar energy flux driving the system. This transition time-scale corresponding to planetary size structures objectively defines the transition from usual weather to a low-frequency weather regime with much lower variability. Finally, we discuss the implications for ensemble forecasting systems, stochastic parametrization and stochastic forecasting. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    The ancient drug salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-21
    Description: Salicylate, a plant product, has been in medicinal use since ancient times. More recently, it has been replaced by synthetic derivatives such as aspirin and salsalate, both of which are rapidly broken down to salicylate in vivo. At concentrations reached in plasma after administration of salsalate or of aspirin at high doses, salicylate activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Salicylate binds at the same site as the synthetic activator A-769662 to cause allosteric activation and inhibition of dephosphorylation of the activating phosphorylation site, threonine-172. In AMPK knockout mice, effects of salicylate to increase fat utilization and to lower plasma fatty acids in vivo were lost. Our results suggest that AMPK activation could explain some beneficial effects of salsalate and aspirin in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399766/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399766/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawley, Simon A -- Fullerton, Morgan D -- Ross, Fiona A -- Schertzer, Jonathan D -- Chevtzoff, Cyrille -- Walker, Katherine J -- Peggie, Mark W -- Zibrova, Darya -- Green, Kevin A -- Mustard, Kirsty J -- Kemp, Bruce E -- Sakamoto, Kei -- Steinberg, Gregory R -- Hardie, D Grahame -- 080982/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097726/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U127088492/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):918-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1215327. Epub 2012 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Metabolism/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; Pyrones/pharmacology ; Rats ; Salicylates/blood/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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