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  • 1
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    Reply to 'Uncertain effects of nutrient availability on global forest carbon balance' and 'Data quality and the role of nutrients in forest carbon-use efficiency' (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: Nature Climate Change 5 960 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2794
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Geologic carbon sources may confound ecosystem carbon balance estimates: Evidence from a semiarid steppe in the southeast of Spain (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-27
    Description: At a semiarid steppe site located in the SE of Spain, relatively large CO2 emissions were measured that could not be attributed to the ecosystem activity alone. Since the study site was located in a tectonically active area, it was hypothesized that a part of the measured CO2 was of geologic origin. This investigation included a survey of soil CO2 efflux, together with carbon isotope analyses of the CO2 in the soil atmosphere, soil CO2 efflux (i.e., Keeling plots), groundwater and local thermal springs. These measurements confirmed the hypothesis of degassing from geologic sources. In areas with local faults and ancient volcanic structures, soil CO2 efflux rates were significantly higher (i.e., up to 6.3 and 1.4 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) than measurements in a comparable site that was some distance from fault sites (means of 1.0 and 0.43 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 in March and June, respectively). The CO2 concentration in the soil atmosphere at the eddy covariance site reached 0.14% v/v at 0.70 m soil depth with a 13C-enriched isotopic composition (δ13C from −10.2‰ to −16.6‰), consistent with the isotopic composition of the soil CO2 efflux estimated by Keeling plots (i.e., −16.6‰). 13C-enriched CO2 also occurred in local aquifers, and there was evidence of degassing from deep crust and mantle at regional scale by the helium isotopic ratio in spring waters located about 30 km (R/Ra: 0.12) and 200 km (R/Ra: 0.95) NW of the eddy covariance site. This study highlights the importance of considering CO2 sources of geologic origin when assessing the net ecosystem carbon balance of sites that may possibly be affected by circulation of such CO2-rich fluids.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Wind as a main driver of the net ecosystem carbon balance of a semiarid Mediterranean steppe in the South East of Spain (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-29
    Description: Despite the advance in our understanding of the carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, semiarid ecosystems have been poorly investigated and little is known about their role in the global carbon balance. We used eddy covariance measurements to determine the exchange of CO 2 between a semiarid steppe and the atmosphere over three years. The vegetation is a perennial grassland of Stipa tenacissima L. located in the SE of Spain. We examined diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations in the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in relation to biophysical variables. Cumulative NECB was a net source of 65.7, 143.6 and 92.1 g C m −2 yr −1 for the three years studied, respectively. We separated the year into two distinctive periods: dry period and growing season . The ecosystem was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere, particularly during the dry period when large CO 2 positive fluxes of up to 15 μmol m −2 s −1 were observed in concomitance with large wind speeds. Over the growing season, the ecosystem was a slight sink or neutral with maximum rates of -2.3 μmol m −2 s −1 . Rainfall events caused large fluxes of CO 2 to the atmosphere and determined the length of the growing season . In this season, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) controlled day-time NECB just below 1000 μmol m −2 s −1 . The analyses of the diurnal and seasonal data and preliminary geological and gas-geochemical evaluations, including C isotopic analyses, suggest that the CO 2 released was not only biogenic but most likely included a component of geothermal origin, presumably related to deep fluids occurring in the area. These results highlight the importance of considering geological carbon sources, as well as the need to carefully interpret the results of eddy covariance partitioning techniques when applied in geologically active areas potentially affected by CO 2 -rich geofluid circulation.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Corrigendum: Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: Nature Climate Change 5 386 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2587
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Climate extremes and the carbon cycle (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: The terrestrial biosphere is a key component of the global carbon cycle and its carbon balance is strongly influenced by climate. Continuing environmental changes are thought to increase global terrestrial carbon uptake. But evidence is mounting that climate extremes such as droughts or storms can lead to a decrease in regional ecosystem carbon stocks and therefore have the potential to negate an expected increase in terrestrial carbon uptake. Here we explore the mechanisms and impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and propose a pathway to improve our understanding of present and future impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reichstein, Markus -- Bahn, Michael -- Ciais, Philippe -- Frank, Dorothea -- Mahecha, Miguel D -- Seneviratne, Sonia I -- Zscheischler, Jakob -- Beer, Christian -- Buchmann, Nina -- Frank, David C -- Papale, Dario -- Rammig, Anja -- Smith, Pete -- Thonicke, Kirsten -- van der Velde, Marijn -- Vicca, Sara -- Walz, Ariane -- Wattenbach, Martin -- England -- Nature. 2013 Aug 15;500(7462):287-95. doi: 10.1038/nature12350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. markus.reichstein@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23955228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Cycle ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Plants/metabolism ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: More than half of the solar energy absorbed by land surfaces is currently used to evaporate water. Climate change is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle and to alter evapotranspiration, with implications for ecosystem services and feedback to regional and global climate. Evapotranspiration changes may already be under way, but direct observational constraints are lacking at the global scale. Until such evidence is available, changes in the water cycle on land-a key diagnostic criterion of the effects of climate change and variability-remain uncertain. Here we provide a data-driven estimate of global land evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2008, compiled using a global monitoring network, meteorological and remote-sensing observations, and a machine-learning algorithm. In addition, we have assessed evapotranspiration variations over the same time period using an ensemble of process-based land-surface models. Our results suggest that global annual evapotranspiration increased on average by 7.1 +/- 1.0 millimetres per year per decade from 1982 to 1997. After that, coincident with the last major El Nino event in 1998, the global evapotranspiration increase seems to have ceased until 2008. This change was driven primarily by moisture limitation in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly Africa and Australia. In these regions, microwave satellite observations indicate that soil moisture decreased from 1998 to 2008. Hence, increasing soil-moisture limitations on evapotranspiration largely explain the recent decline of the global land-evapotranspiration trend. Whether the changing behaviour of evapotranspiration is representative of natural climate variability or reflects a more permanent reorganization of the land water cycle is a key question for earth system science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jung, Martin -- Reichstein, Markus -- Ciais, Philippe -- Seneviratne, Sonia I -- Sheffield, Justin -- Goulden, Michael L -- Bonan, Gordon -- Cescatti, Alessandro -- Chen, Jiquan -- de Jeu, Richard -- Dolman, A Johannes -- Eugster, Werner -- Gerten, Dieter -- Gianelle, Damiano -- Gobron, Nadine -- Heinke, Jens -- Kimball, John -- Law, Beverly E -- Montagnani, Leonardo -- Mu, Qiaozhen -- Mueller, Brigitte -- Oleson, Keith -- Papale, Dario -- Richardson, Andrew D -- Roupsard, Olivier -- Running, Steve -- Tomelleri, Enrico -- Viovy, Nicolas -- Weber, Ulrich -- Williams, Christopher -- Wood, Eric -- Zaehle, Sonke -- Zhang, Ke -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 21;467(7318):951-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. mjung@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Fresh Water/*analysis ; *Global Warming/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humidity ; Plant Transpiration/*physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons ; Soil/analysis ; Uncertainty ; Volatilization ; *Water Cycle
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-07
    Description: Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the largest global CO(2) flux driving several ecosystem functions. We provide an observation-based estimate of this flux at 123 +/- 8 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) using eddy covariance flux data and various diagnostic models. Tropical forests and savannahs account for 60%. GPP over 40% of the vegetated land is associated with precipitation. State-of-the-art process-oriented biosphere models used for climate predictions exhibit a large between-model variation of GPP's latitudinal patterns and show higher spatial correlations between GPP and precipitation, suggesting the existence of missing processes or feedback mechanisms which attenuate the vegetation response to climate. Our estimates of spatially distributed GPP and its covariation with climate can help improve coupled climate-carbon cycle process models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beer, Christian -- Reichstein, Markus -- Tomelleri, Enrico -- Ciais, Philippe -- Jung, Martin -- Carvalhais, Nuno -- Rodenbeck, Christian -- Arain, M Altaf -- Baldocchi, Dennis -- Bonan, Gordon B -- Bondeau, Alberte -- Cescatti, Alessandro -- Lasslop, Gitta -- Lindroth, Anders -- Lomas, Mark -- Luyssaert, Sebastiaan -- Margolis, Hank -- Oleson, Keith W -- Roupsard, Olivier -- Veenendaal, Elmar -- Viovy, Nicolas -- Williams, Christopher -- Woodward, F Ian -- Papale, Dario -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):834-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184984. Epub 2010 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogeochemical Model-Data Integration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. christian.beer@bgc-jena.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; *Climate ; Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Oxygen Consumption ; *Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Plants/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Trees/metabolism ; Uncertainty ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Addendum: Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-26
    Description: Nature Climate Change 4 643 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2282
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-29
    Description: A synthesis of findings from 92 forests in different climate zones reveals that nutrient availability plays a crucial role in determining forest carbon balance, primarily through its influence on respiration rates. These findings challenge the validity of assumptions used in most global coupled carbon-cycle climate models. Nature Climate Change 4 471 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2177
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Geologic carbon sources may confound ecosystem carbon balance estimates: Evidence from a semiarid steppe in the southeast of Spain (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Description: [1]  At a semiarid steppe site located in the SE of Spain, relatively large CO 2 emissions were measured that could not be attributed to the ecosystem activity alone. Since the study site was located in a tectonically active area, it was hypothesized that a part of the measured CO 2 was of geologic origin. This investigation included a survey of soil CO 2 efflux, together with carbon isotope analyses of the CO 2 in the soil atmosphere, soil CO 2 efflux (i.e., Keeling plots), groundwater and local thermal springs. These measurements confirmed the hypothesis of degassing from geologic sources. In areas with local faults and ancient volcanic structures, soil CO 2 efflux rates were significantly higher (i.e., up to 6.3 and 1.4  μ mol CO 2 m −2  s −1 ) than measurements in a comparable site that was some distance from fault sites (means of 1.0 and 0.43  μ mol CO 2 m −2  s −1 in March and June, respectively). The CO 2 concentration in the soil atmosphere at the eddy covariance site reached 0.14% v/v at 0.70 m soil depth with a 13 C-enriched isotopic composition ( δ 13 C from −10.2‰ to −16.6‰), consistent with the isotopic composition of the soil CO 2 efflux estimated by Keeling plots (i.e., −16.6‰). 13 C-enriched CO 2 also occurred in local aquifers, and there was evidence of degassing from deep crust and mantle at regional scale by the helium isotopic ratio in spring waters located about 30 km (R/Ra: 0.12) and 200 km (R/Ra: 0.95) NW of the eddy covariance site. This study highlights the importance of considering CO 2 sources of geologic origin when assessing the net ecosystem carbon balance of sites that may possibly be affected by circulation of such CO 2 -rich fluids.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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