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  • 1
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    AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT: THE APPLICATION OF A BIVALVE GROWTH-TEMPERATURE MODEL TO RECONSTRUCT FRESHWATER-INFLUENCED PALEOENVIRONMENTS (2011)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to interannually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of [~]1.3 {degrees}C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with {delta}18Oshell values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 {+/-} 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by [~]1-2 {degrees}C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 {degrees}C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth-temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time.
    Print ISSN: 0883-1351
    Electronic ISSN: 0883-1351
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 2
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    Determination of Uncertainty in Transition Velocity Estimates for Ceramic Materials (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-10
    Description: The uncertainty of transition velocity estimates made for five armor ceramic materials was quantified by applying Bayesian hypothesis testing to the McCauley Wilantewicz method. Likelihood functions of the ceramic plasticity parameter and estimated transition velocity for each material were determined through analysis of load–hardness probability spaces. Parameters of these functions were analyzed to quantify variability in expected material performance. The applied statistical methodology enabled formation of probability of penetration curves that indicated how the certainty of interface defeat varied as a function of impact velocity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of results increases the utility of the McCauley Wilantewicz method as a screening tool for ceramic materials by providing additional information regarding the variability of expected material performance. Information revealed by this statistical approach could potentially be harnessed to drive future material development by indicating microstructural states more likely to result in desirable material behavior.
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Using Hardness Tests to Quantify Bulk Plasticity and Predict Transition Velocities in SiC Materials (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-26
    Description: It has long been known that a relation exists between a material's hardness and its gross impact performance; however, the nature of this relationship has not been understood to a degree useful in materials development. Many studies have shown that harder ceramics tend to display better ballistic performance. In addition, some research has suggested that a material's potential for inelastic deformation (or its “quasi-plasticity” – a bulk property) may also play an important role in its resistance to penetration. Methods of quantifying the bulk plasticity of a ceramic material are, however, extremely limited. The current study continues an investigation into a recently proposed technique to (1) quantify bulk quasi-plasticity in SiC materials, and (2) use the “plasticity” value along with a hardness value to predict the transition velocity of potential armor ceramics. The transition velocity values predicted by this approach generally show excellent agreement (within 5% in most cases) with experimentally determined velocities. In addition, the robustness of this predictive technique is demonstrated through the use of multiple operators and multiple hardness testing units.
    Print ISSN: 1546-542X
    Electronic ISSN: 1744-7402
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Australian science needs more female fellows (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilton, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 2;497(7447):7. doi: 10.1038/497007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia. hilton@wehi.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration/statistics & numerical ; data ; Australia ; Science/*manpower ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors ; Sexism/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Practical policies can combat gender inequality (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilton, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):7. doi: 10.1038/523007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26135413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; *Career Mobility ; Faculty/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parenting ; Science/economics/*manpower ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Donald Metcalf (1929-2014) (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilton, Douglas -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):554. doi: 10.1038/517554a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, Australia, and head of the Department of Medical Biology at the University of Melbourne. He first worked with Don Metcalf as an undergraduate in the 1980s.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Cells/cytology/drug effects ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/genetics/*history/isolation & ; purification/pharmacology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    The Myb-p300-CREB axis modulates intestine homeostasis, radiosensitivity and tumorigenesis (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-26
    Description: The Myb-p300-CREB axis modulates intestine homeostasis, radiosensitivity and tumorigenesis Cell Death and Disease 4, e605 (April 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.119 Authors: S Sampurno, A Bijenhof, D Cheasley, H Xu, S Robine, D Hilton, W S Alexander, L Pereira, T Mantamadiotis, J Malaterre & R G Ramsay
    Keywords: p300MybCREBcolorectal cancerApcMin/+
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Microbial oxidation of lithospheric organic carbon in rapidly eroding tropical mountain soils (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-13
    Description: Lithospheric organic carbon ("petrogenic"; OC petro ) is oxidized during exhumation and subsequent erosion of mountain ranges. This process is a considerable source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere over geologic time scales, but the mechanisms that govern oxidation rates in mountain landscapes are poorly constrained. We demonstrate that, on average, 67 ± 11% of the OC petro initially present in bedrock exhumed from the tropical, rapidly eroding Central Range of Taiwan is oxidized in soils, leading to CO 2 emissions of 6.1 to 18.6 metric tons of carbon per square kilometer per year. The molecular and isotopic evolution of bulk OC and lipid biomarkers during soil formation reveals that OC petro remineralization is microbially mediated. Rapid oxidation in mountain soils drives CO 2 emission fluxes that increase with erosion rate, thereby counteracting CO 2 drawdown by silicate weathering and biospheric OC burial.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Methane-carbon flow into the benthic food web at cold seeps - a case study from the Costa Rica subduction zone (2013)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 8(10), pp. e74894, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: Cold seep ecosystems can support enormous biomasses of free-living and symbiotic chemoautotrophic organisms that get their energy from the oxidation of methane or sulfide. Most of this biomass derives from animals that are associated with bacterial symbionts, which are able to metabolize the chemical resources provided by the seeping fluids. Often these systems also harbor dense accumulations of non-symbiotic megafauna, which can be relevant in exporting chemosynthetically fixed carbon from seeps to the surrounding deep sea. Here we investigated the carbon sources of lithodid crabs (Paralomis sp.) feeding on thiotrophic bacterial mats at an active mud volcano at the Costa Rica subduction zone. To evaluate the dietary carbon source of the crabs, we compared the microbial community in stomach contents with surface sediments covered by microbial mats. The stomach content analyses revealed a dominance of epsilonproteobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences related to the free-living and epibiotic sulfur oxidiser Sulfurovum sp. We also found Sulfurovum sp. as well as members of the genera Arcobacter and Sulfurimonas in mat-covered surface sediments where Epsilonproteobacteria were highly abundant constituting 10% of total cells. Furthermore, we detected substantial amounts of bacterial fatty acids such as i-C15:0 and C17:1ω6c with stable carbon isotope compositions as low as −53‰ in the stomach and muscle tissue. These results indicate that the white microbial mats at Mound 12 are comprised of Epsilonproteobacteria and that microbial mat-derived carbon provides an important contribution to the crab's nutrition. In addition, our lipid analyses also suggest that the crabs feed on other 13C-depleted organic matter sources, possibly symbiotic megafauna as well as on photosynthetic carbon sources such as sedimentary detritus.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    Traversing nature’s danger zone: getting up close with Sumatra’s volcanoes. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-10
    Description: The Indonesian island of Sumatra, located in one of the most active zones of the Pacific Ring of Fire, is characterized by a chain of subduction-zone volcanoes which extend the entire length of the island. As a group of volcanic geochemists, we embarked upon a five-week sampling expedition to these exotic, remote, and in part explosive volcanoes (SAGE 2010; Sumatran Arc Geochemical Expedition). We set out to collect rock and gas samples from 17 volcanic centres from the Sumatran segment of the Sunda arc system, with the aim of obtaining a regionally significant sample set that will allow quantification of the respective roles of mantle versus crustal sources to magma genesis along the strike of the arc. Here we document our geological journey through Sumatra’s unpredictable terrain, including the many challenges faced when working on active volcanoes in pristine tropical climes.
    Description: Swedish Science Foundation (VR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Upp-sala University Centre for Natural Disaster Science (CNDS) and Otterborgska donationsfonden
    Description: Published
    Description: 64-70
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Sumatra ; Indonesia ; geochemisty ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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