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  • 1
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    Stabilization of the coupled oxygen and phosphorus cycles by the evolution of bioturbation (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: Nature Geoscience 7, 671 (2014). doi:10.1038/ngeo2213 Authors: R. A. Boyle, T. W. Dahl, A. W. Dale, G. A. Shields-Zhou, M. Zhu, M. D. Brasier, D. E. Canfield & T. M. Lenton Animal burrowing and sediment-mixing (bioturbation) began during the run up to the Ediacaran/Cambrian boundary, initiating a transition between the stratified Precambrian and more well-mixed Phanerozoic sedimentary records, against the backdrop of a variable global oxygen reservoir probably smaller in size than present. Phosphorus is the long-term limiting nutrient for oxygen production via burial of organic carbon, and its retention (relative to carbon) within organic matter in marine sediments is enhanced by bioturbation. Here we explore the biogeochemical implications of a bioturbation-induced organic phosphorus sink in a simple model. We show that increased bioturbation robustly triggers a net decrease in the size of the global oxygen reservoir—the magnitude of which is contingent upon the prescribed difference in carbon to phosphorus ratios between bioturbated and laminated sediments. Bioturbation also reduces steady-state marine phosphate levels, but this effect is offset by the decline in iron-adsorbed phosphate burial that results from a decrease in oxygen concentrations. The introduction of oxygen-sensitive bioturbation to dynamical model runs is sufficient to trigger a negative feedback loop: the intensity of bioturbation is limited by the oxygen decrease it initially causes. The onset of this feedback is consistent with redox variations observed during the early Cambrian rise of bioturbation, leading us to suggest that bioturbation helped to regulate early oxygen and phosphorus cycles.
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    The Archean sulfur cycle and the early history of atmospheric oxygen (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: The isotope record of sedimentary sulfides can help resolve the history of oxygen accumulation into the atmosphere. We measured sulfur isotopic fractionation during microbial sulfate reduction up to 88 degrees C and show how sulfate reduction rate influences the preservation of biological fractionations in sediments. The sedimentary sulfur isotope record suggests low concentrations of seawater sulfate and atmospheric oxygen in the early Archean (3.4 to 2.8 billion years ago). The accumulation of oxygen and sulfate began later, in the early Proterozoic (2.5 to 0.54 billion years ago).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, D E -- Habicht, K S -- Thamdrup, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):658-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) and Institute of Biology, Odense University, SDU, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.ou.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeoglobus fulgidus/metabolism ; *Atmosphere ; Diffusion ; Evolution, Chemical ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/metabolism ; Seawater ; Sulfates/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis ; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Calibration of sulfate levels in the archean ocean (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: The size of the marine sulfate reservoir has grown through Earth's history, reflecting the accumulation of oxygen into the atmosphere. Sulfur isotope fractionation experiments on marine and freshwater sulfate reducers, together with the isotope record, imply that oceanic Archean sulfate concentrations were 〈200 microM, which is less than one-hundredth of present marine sulfate levels and one-fifth of what was previously thought. Such low sulfate concentrations were maintained by volcanic outgassing of SO2 gas, and severely suppressed sulfate reduction rates allowed for a carbon cycle dominated by methanogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habicht, Kirsten S -- Gade, Michael -- Thamdrup, Bo -- Berg, Peter -- Canfield, Donald E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2372-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Danish Center for Earth System Science and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Archaeoglobus fulgidus/growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/microbiology ; Iron/analysis ; Methane/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry/microbiology ; Sulfates/*analysis/metabolism ; Sulfides/analysis/metabolism ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: Geochemical data suggest that oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere occurred in two broad steps. The first rise in atmospheric oxygen is thought to have occurred between approximately 2.45 and 2.2 Gyr ago, leading to a significant increase in atmospheric oxygen concentrations and concomitant oxygenation of the shallow surface ocean. The second increase in atmospheric oxygen appears to have taken place in distinct stages during the late Neoproterozoic era ( approximately 800-542 Myr ago), ultimately leading to oxygenation of the deep ocean approximately 580 Myr ago, but details of the evolution of atmospheric oxygenation remain uncertain. Here we use chromium (Cr) stable isotopes from banded iron formations (BIFs) to track the presence of Cr(VI) in Precambrian oceans, providing a time-resolved picture of the oxygenation history of the Earth's atmosphere-hydrosphere system. The geochemical behaviour of Cr is highly sensitive to the redox state of the surface environment because oxidative weathering processes produce the oxidized hexavalent [Cr(VI)] form. Oxidation of reduced trivalent [Cr(III)] chromium on land is accompanied by an isotopic fractionation, leading to enrichment of the mobile hexavalent form in the heavier isotope. Our fractionated Cr isotope data indicate the accumulation of Cr(VI) in ocean surface waters approximately 2.8 to 2.6 Gyr ago and a likely transient elevation in atmospheric and surface ocean oxygenation before the first great rise of oxygen 2.45-2.2 Gyr ago (the Great Oxidation Event). In approximately 1.88-Gyr-old BIFs we find that Cr isotopes are not fractionated, indicating a decline in atmospheric oxygen. Our findings suggest that the Great Oxidation Event did not lead to a unidirectional stepwise increase in atmospheric oxygen. In the late Neoproterozoic, we observe strong positive fractionations in Cr isotopes (delta(53)Cr up to +4.9 per thousand), providing independent support for increased surface oxygenation at that time, which may have stimulated rapid evolution of macroscopic multicellular life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frei, Robert -- Gaucher, Claudio -- Poulton, Simon W -- Canfield, Don E -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):250-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geography and Geology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Chromium/*analysis/chemistry ; Chromium Isotopes ; History, Ancient ; Iron/analysis/metabolism ; Manganese Compounds/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxides/metabolism ; Oxygen/analysis/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: The evidence for macroscopic life during the Palaeoproterozoic era (2.5-1.6 Gyr ago) is controversial. Except for the nearly 2-Gyr-old coil-shaped fossil Grypania spiralis, which may have been eukaryotic, evidence for morphological and taxonomic biodiversification of macroorganisms only occurs towards the beginning of the Mesoproterozoic era (1.6-1.0 Gyr). Here we report the discovery of centimetre-sized structures from the 2.1-Gyr-old black shales of the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian B Formation in Gabon, which we interpret as highly organized and spatially discrete populations of colonial organisms. The structures are up to 12 cm in size and have characteristic shapes, with a simple but distinct ground pattern of flexible sheets and, usually, a permeating radial fabric. Geochemical analyses suggest that the sediments were deposited under an oxygenated water column. Carbon and sulphur isotopic data indicate that the structures were distinct biogenic objects, fossilized by pyritization early in the formation of the rock. The growth patterns deduced from the fossil morphologies suggest that the organisms showed cell-to-cell signalling and coordinated responses, as is commonly associated with multicellular organization. The Gabon fossils, occurring after the 2.45-2.32-Gyr increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, may be seen as ancient representatives of multicellular life, which expanded so rapidly 1.5 Gyr later, in the Cambrian explosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El Albani, Abderrazak -- Bengtson, Stefan -- Canfield, Donald E -- Bekker, Andrey -- Macchiarelli, Roberto -- Mazurier, Arnaud -- Hammarlund, Emma U -- Boulvais, Philippe -- Dupuy, Jean-Jacques -- Fontaine, Claude -- Fursich, Franz T -- Gauthier-Lafaye, Francois -- Janvier, Philippe -- Javaux, Emmanuelle -- Ossa, Frantz Ossa -- Pierson-Wickmann, Anne-Catherine -- Riboulleau, Armelle -- Sardini, Paul -- Vachard, Daniel -- Whitehouse, Martin -- Meunier, Alain -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire HYDRASA, UMR 6269 CNRS-INSU, Universite de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France. abder.albani@univ-poitiers.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/cytology ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/cytology ; *Fossils ; Gabon ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; History, Ancient ; Oxygen/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Aerobic sulfate reduction in microbial mats (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-22
    Description: Measurements of bacterial sulfate reduction and dissolved oxygen (O2) in hypersaline bacterial mats from Baja California, Mexico, revealed that sulfate reduction occurred consistently within the well-oxygenated photosynthetic zone of the mats. This evidence that dissimilatory sulfate reduction can occur in the presence of O2 challenges the conventional view that sulfate reduction is a strictly anaerobic process. At constant temperature, the rates of sulfate reduction in oxygenated mats during daytime were similar to rates in anoxic mats at night: thus, during a 24-hour cycle, variations in light and O2 have little effect on rates of sulfate reduction in these mats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, D E -- Des Marais, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 22;251:1471-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria, Aerobic/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism/physiology ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Mexico ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis/metabolism/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/*metabolism ; Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Because animals require oxygen, an increase in late-Neoproterozoic oxygen concentrations has been suggested as a stimulus for their evolution. The iron content of deep-sea sediments shows that the deep ocean was anoxic and ferruginous before and during the Gaskiers glaciation 580 million years ago and that it became oxic afterward. The first known members of the Ediacara biota arose shortly after the Gaskiers glaciation, suggesting a causal link between their evolution and this oxygenation event. A prolonged stable oxic environment may have permitted the emergence of bilateral motile animals some 25 million years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Poulton, Simon W -- Narbonne, Guy M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):92-5. Epub 2006 Dec 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Ice Cover ; Iron/analysis ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Ferruginous conditions dominated later neoproterozoic deep-water chemistry (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Earth's surface chemical environment has evolved from an early anoxic condition to the oxic state we have today. Transitional between an earlier Proterozoic world with widespread deep-water anoxia and a Phanerozoic world with large oxygen-utilizing animals, the Neoproterozoic Era [1000 to 542 million years ago (Ma)] plays a key role in this history. The details of Neoproterozoic Earth surface oxygenation, however, remain unclear. We report that through much of the later Neoproterozoic (〈742 +/- 6 Ma), anoxia remained widespread beneath the mixed layer of the oceans; deeper water masses were sometimes sulfidic but were mainly Fe2+-enriched. These ferruginous conditions marked a return to ocean chemistry not seen for more than one billion years of Earth history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Donald E -- Poulton, Simon W -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Narbonne, Guy M -- Ross, Gerry -- Goldberg, Tatiana -- Strauss, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):949-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1154499. Epub 2008 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Ice Cover ; Iron/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis ; Sulfides/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A cryptic sulfur cycle in oxygen-minimum-zone waters off the Chilean coast (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Stewart, Frank J -- Thamdrup, Bo -- De Brabandere, Loreto -- Dalsgaard, Tage -- Delong, Edward F -- Revsbech, Niels Peter -- Ulloa, Osvaldo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196889. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Chile ; Deltaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Metagenome ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Geochemistry. Carbon cycle makeover (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Donald E -- Kump, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):533-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1231981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230 Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Commerce/*trends ; Nanotubes, Carbon/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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