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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1988-04-08
    Description: Arcelin, a major seed protein discovered in wild beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), has toxic effects on an important bean bruchid pest, Zabrotes subfasciatus. Transfer of the arcelin-1 allele to bean cultivars and addition of purified arcelin to artificial seeds results in high levels of insect resistance. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the arcelin-1 complementary DNA are very similar to those of genes encoding the bean seed lectin, phytohemagglutinin. The gene or genes encoding arcelin may have evolved from a phytohemagglutinin gene or genes resulting in an effective mechanism for resistance to bean bruchids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osborni, T C -- Alexander, D C -- Sun, S S -- Cardona, C -- Bliss, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 8;240(4849):207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17800917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: Multiple, complex molecular events characterize cancer development and progression. Deciphering the molecular networks that distinguish organ-confined disease from metastatic disease may lead to the identification of critical biomarkers for cancer invasion and disease aggressiveness. Although gene and protein expression have been extensively profiled in human tumours, little is known about the global metabolomic alterations that characterize neoplastic progression. Using a combination of high-throughput liquid-and-gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, we profiled more than 1,126 metabolites across 262 clinical samples related to prostate cancer (42 tissues and 110 each of urine and plasma). These unbiased metabolomic profiles were able to distinguish benign prostate, clinically localized prostate cancer and metastatic disease. Sarcosine, an N-methyl derivative of the amino acid glycine, was identified as a differential metabolite that was highly increased during prostate cancer progression to metastasis and can be detected non-invasively in urine. Sarcosine levels were also increased in invasive prostate cancer cell lines relative to benign prostate epithelial cells. Knockdown of glycine-N-methyl transferase, the enzyme that generates sarcosine from glycine, attenuated prostate cancer invasion. Addition of exogenous sarcosine or knockdown of the enzyme that leads to sarcosine degradation, sarcosine dehydrogenase, induced an invasive phenotype in benign prostate epithelial cells. Androgen receptor and the ERG gene fusion product coordinately regulate components of the sarcosine pathway. Here, by profiling the metabolomic alterations of prostate cancer progression, we reveal sarcosine as a potentially important metabolic intermediary of cancer cell invasion and aggressivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724746/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724746/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreekumar, Arun -- Poisson, Laila M -- Rajendiran, Thekkelnaycke M -- Khan, Amjad P -- Cao, Qi -- Yu, Jindan -- Laxman, Bharathi -- Mehra, Rohit -- Lonigro, Robert J -- Li, Yong -- Nyati, Mukesh K -- Ahsan, Aarif -- Kalyana-Sundaram, Shanker -- Han, Bo -- Cao, Xuhong -- Byun, Jaeman -- Omenn, Gilbert S -- Ghosh, Debashis -- Pennathur, Subramaniam -- Alexander, Danny C -- Berger, Alvin -- Shuster, Jeffrey R -- Wei, John T -- Varambally, Sooryanarayana -- Beecher, Christopher -- Chinnaiyan, Arul M -- K99 CA129565/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA129565-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133458/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA111275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA111275-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Disease Progression ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Glycine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; *Metabolomics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Sarcosine/analysis/*metabolism/urine ; Sarcosine Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 53-54 (1983), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 17β-Estradiol (E2) rapidly and reversibly decreases the synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in primary dispersed cell cultures of ovine pituitaries. Similarly, E2 also causes a decrease in the messenger RNA for the beta subunit of ovine FSH (FSIIβ-mRNA) as measured in an in vitro translation assay. These results are consistent with the concept that E2 directly regulates either transcription of the FSHβ gene or processing of FSHβ-mRNA in sheep. Of additional interest is the observation that pituitary cultures from various species respond differently to E2 in terms of FSH synthesis. For example, E2 stimulates FSH synthesis in rat pituitary cultures, has no effect in similar rabbit cultures, and inhibits FSH synthesis in ovine cultures. Thus, a set of eukaryotic ‘mutants’ may exist to aid studies of the effect of E2 on FSH synthesis and secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) ; Quantitative trait loci ; Linkage ; Tomato ; Soluble solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gene(s) conferring high soluble solids (SS) in tomato fruit had been backcrossed previously from a wild tomato species, Lycopersicon chmielewskii LA1028 (∼ 10% SS), into a L. esculentum cultivar, VF36 (∼ 5% SS), to derive a BC5S5 line, LA1563, similar to ‘VF 36’ but with 7–8% SS. DNAs from these lines and a tomato breeding line, H2038, were screened for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) using four restriction endonucleases and sixty clones chosen at random from a tomato cDNA library. Most of the cDNA clones (56) identified the same RFLP in ‘VF 36’ and LA1563 and a different RFLP in LA1028. However, two cDNA clones identified the same RFLP in LA1563 and LA1028 and a different RFLP in ‘VF36’. To determine whether RFLPs identified by these two cDNA clones were linked to SS genes, a H2038 x LA1563 F2 population was screened for segregation of the RFLPs and for SS content. The segregation ratios of these RFLPs were consistent with ratios expected for codominant alleles at unlinked loci. Analysis of variance of SS content for different RFLP genotypic classes indicated that RFLP alleles at one of the loci were linked to genes controlling SS content. The RFLP allele from the high SS tomato line, LA1563, was associated with significantly higher SS content and, therefore, could be useful in selecting for high SS gene(s) in a tomato breeding program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: arsenic ; biomonitoring ; biosensors ; environmental genetics ; Escherichia coli luciferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Contamination of the environment by toxic compounds is a problem of global concern and in addressing this problem, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms by which specific agents exert their toxic effects, and develop effective, inexpensive strategies for detecting compounds in their biologically active and available form. We have used reporter gene fusion technology to identify genes, in the genetically well-characterized bacterium Escherichia coli, whose expression is affected by specific environmental toxins. As an added benefit of our approach, we have elaborated methods to use these gene fusion clones as biosensors to detect specific toxic agents, such as arsenic oxyanions. Arsenic is an abundant and useful element which is also an environmental toxin that can pose severe risks to health. Arsenic toxicity varies with oxidation state, organometallic form, and bioavailability. The Escherichia coli arsB fusion strains respond specifically to arsenic in its toxic, oxyanionic form, and can detect bioavailable amounts of these oxyanions in contaminated water samples. Combinations of different biosensor clones and assay automation will augment the use of luminescent biosensors for the detection of specific toxic agents in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-09-19
    Description: The study of genetic and phenotypic variation is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of bacterial genome evolution and untangling the evolution and epidemiology of bacterial pathogens. Neisseria meningitidis ( Nm ) is among the most intriguing bacterial pathogens in genomic studies due to its dynamic population structure and complex forms of pathogenicity. Extensive genomic variation within identical clonal complexes (CCs) in Nm has been recently reported and suggested to be the result of homologous recombination, but the extent to which recombination contributes to genomic variation within identical CCs has remained unclear. In this study, we sequenced two Nm strains of identical serogroup (C) and multi-locus sequence type (ST60), and conducted a systematic analysis with an additional 34 Nm genomes. Our results revealed that all gene content variation between the two ST60 genomes was introduced by homologous recombination at the conserved flanking genes, and 94.25% or more of sequence divergence was caused by homologous recombination. Recombination was found in genes associated with virulence factors, antigenic outer membrane proteins, and vaccine targets, suggesting an important role of homologous recombination in rapidly altering the pathogenicity and antigenicity of Nm . Recombination was also evident in genes of the restriction and modification systems, which may undermine barriers to DNA exchange. In conclusion, homologous recombination can drive both gene content variation and sequence divergence in Nm . These findings shed new light on the understanding of the rapid pathoadaptive evolution of Nm and other recombinogenic bacterial pathogens.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1986-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-26
    Description: We present a Herschel /Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) survey of three protoclusters at z = 2–3 (2QZCluster, HS1700, SSA22). Based on the SPIRE colours ( S 350 / S 250 and S 500 / S 350 ) of 250 μm sources, we selected high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies potentially associated with the protoclusters. In the 2QZCluster field, we found a 4 overdensity of six SPIRE sources around 4.5 arcmin (~2.2 Mpc) from a density peak of H α emitters at z = 2.2. In the HS1700 field, we found a 5 overdensity of eight SPIRE sources around 2.1 arcmin (~1.0 Mpc) from a density peak of Lyman-break galaxies at z = 2.3. We did not find any significant overdensities in SSA22 field, but we found three 500 μm sources are concentrated 3 arcmin (~1.4 Mpc) east to the Ly α emitters overdensity. If all the SPIRE sources in these three overdensities are associated with protoclusters, the inferred star formation rate densities are 10 3 –10 4 times higher than the average value at the same redshifts. This suggests that dusty star formation activity could be very strongly enhanced in z ~ 2–3 protoclusters. Further observations are needed to confirm the redshifts of the SPIRE sources and to investigate what processes enhance the dusty star formation activity in z ~ 2–3 protoclusters.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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