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Coral spawning in the Gulf of Oman and relationship to latitudinal variation in spawning season in the northwest Indian Ocean (2014)

E. J. Howells; D. Abrego; G. O. Vaughan; J. A. Burt

Springer Nature

In: Scientific Reports

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Publication Date: 2014-12-16

Description: Despite a wealth of information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals, there are regional gaps in reproductive records. In the Gulf of the Oman in the Arabian Sea, reproductive timing was assessed in four common species of broadcast spawning corals using field surveys of gamete maturity and aquarium observations of spawning activity. The appearance of mature gametes within the same month for Acropora downingi, A. hemprichii, Cyphastrea microphthalma and Platygyra daedalea (≥ 75% of colonies, n = 848) indicated a synchronous and multi-specific spawning season. Based on gamete disappearance and direct observations, spawning predominantly occurred during April in 2013 (75–100% of colonies) and May in 2014 (77–94% of colonies). The difference in spawning months between survey years was most likely explained by sea temperature and the timing of lunar cycles during late-stage gametogenesis. These reproductive records are consistent with a latitudinal gradient in peak broadcast spawning activity at reefs in the northwestern Indian Ocean which occurs early in the year at low latitudes (January to March) and progressively later in the year at mid (March to May) and high (June to September) latitudes. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07484

Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Published by Springer Nature

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Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef-building corals to tolerate extreme temperatures (2016)

E J Howells, D Abrego, E Meyer, N L Kirk, J A Burt

Wiley

In: Global Change Biology

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Publication Date: 2016-02-12

Description: Understanding the potential for coral adaptation to warming seas is complicated by interactions between symbiotic partners that define stress responses and the difficulties of tracking selection in natural populations. To overcome these challenges, we characterised the contribution of both animal host and symbiotic algae to thermal tolerance in corals that have already experienced considerable warming on par with end-of-century projections for most coral reefs. Thermal responses in Platygyra daedalea corals from the hot Persian Gulf where summer temperatures reach 36°C were compared with conspecifics from the milder Sea of Oman. Persian Gulf corals had higher rates of survival at elevated temperatures (33 and 36°C) in both the non-symbiotic larval stage (32-49% higher) and the symbiotic adult life-stage (51% higher). Additionally, Persian Gulf hosts had fixed greater potential to mitigate oxidative stress (31-49% higher) and their Symbiodinium partners had better retention of photosynthetic performance under elevated temperature (up to 161% higher). Superior thermal tolerance of Persian Gulf versus Sea of Oman corals was maintained after 6-months acclimatisation to a common ambient environment and was underpinned by genetic divergence in both the coral host and symbiotic algae. In P. daedalea host samples, genome-wide SNP variation clustered into two discrete groups corresponding with Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman sites. Symbiodinium within host tissues predominantly belonged to ITS2 rDNA type C3 in the Persian Gulf and type D1a in the Sea of Oman contradicting patterns of Symbiodinium thermal tolerance from other regions. Our findings provide evidence that genetic adaptation of both host and Symbiodinium has enabled corals to cope with extreme temperatures in the Persian Gulf. Thus, the persistence of coral populations under continued warming will likely be determined by evolutionary rates in both, rather than single, symbiotic partners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 1354-1013

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Published by Wiley

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DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress response (2013)

J. B. Raina ; D. M. Tapiolas ; S. Foret ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 502(7473): 677-80. doi: 10.1038/nature12677.

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Publication Date: 2013-10-25

Description: Globally, reef-building corals are the most prolific producers of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a central molecule in the marine sulphur cycle and precursor of the climate-active gas dimethylsulphide. At present, DMSP production by corals is attributed entirely to their algal endosymbiont, Symbiodinium. Combining chemical, genomic and molecular approaches, we show that coral juveniles produce DMSP in the absence of algal symbionts. DMSP levels increased up to 54% over time in newly settled coral juveniles lacking algal endosymbionts, and further increases, up to 76%, were recorded when juveniles were subjected to thermal stress. We uncovered coral orthologues of two algal genes recently identified in DMSP biosynthesis, strongly indicating that corals possess the enzymatic machinery necessary for DMSP production. Our results overturn the paradigm that photosynthetic organisms are the sole biological source of DMSP, and highlight the double jeopardy represented by worldwide declining coral cover, as the potential to alleviate thermal stress through coral-produced DMSP declines correspondingly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raina, Jean-Baptiste -- Tapiolas, Dianne M -- Foret, Sylvain -- Lutz, Adrian -- Abrego, David -- Ceh, Janja -- Seneca, Francois O -- Clode, Peta L -- Bourne, David G -- Willis, Bette L -- Motti, Cherie A -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 31;502(7473):677-80. doi: 10.1038/nature12677. Epub 2013 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] AIMS@JCU, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia [2] Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia [3] ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Acrylates/analysis/metabolism ; Algal Proteins/genetics ; Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Climate Change ; Photosynthesis ; Secondary Metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Sulfonium Compounds/*metabolism ; Symbiosis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Reef ecology. Chemically mediated behavior of recruiting corals and fishes: a tipping point that may limit reef recovery (2014)

D. L. Dixson ; D. Abrego ; M. E. Hay

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 345(6199): 892-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255057.

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Publication Date: 2014-08-26

Description: Coral reefs are in global decline, converting from dominance by coral to dominance by seaweed. Once seaweeds become abundant, coral recovery is suppressed unless herbivores return to remove seaweeds, and corals then recruit. Variance in the recovery of fishes and corals is not well understood. We show that juveniles of both corals and fishes are repelled by chemical cues from fished, seaweed-dominated reefs but attracted to cues from coral-dominated areas where fishing is prohibited. Chemical cues of specific seaweeds from degraded reefs repulsed recruits, and cues from specific corals that are typical of healthy reefs attracted recruits. Juveniles were present at but behaviorally avoided recruiting to degraded reefs dominated by seaweeds. For recovery, degraded reefs may need to be managed to produce cues that attract, rather than repel, recruiting corals and fishes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470392/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4470392/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dixson, Danielle L -- Abrego, David -- Hay, Mark E -- U01 TW007401/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U01-TW007401/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U19 TW007401/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):892-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1255057. Epub 2014 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. ; Department of Natural Sciences and Public Health, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. mark.hay@biology.gatech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Coral Reefs ; Fishes/growth & development/*physiology ; *Food Chain ; Larva ; Seaweed/*chemistry

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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