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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words  Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Cucumber ; Rhizosphere ; Biocontrol ; Culturability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of cucumber roots on survival patterns of the biocontrol soil inoculant Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0-Rif was assessed for 22 days in two non-sterile soils, using a combination of total immunofluorescence cell counts, Kogure's direct viable counts and colony counts on plates containing rifampicin. In Eschikon soil (high fertility status for cucumber), CHA0-Rif persisted as culturable cells in bulk soil and in the rhizosphere, but colony counts were lower than viable counts and total cell counts inside root tissues. The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells inside root tissues (5 log cells g–1 root) was unlikely to have resulted from the hydrogen peroxide treatment used to disinfect the root surface, as hydrogen peroxide caused the death of CHA0-Rif cells in vitro. In Siglistorf soil (low fertility status for cucumber), the inoculant was found mostly as non-culturable cells. Colony counts and viable counts of CHA0-Rif were similar, both in bulk soil and inside root tissues, whereas in the rhizosphere viable counts exceeded colony counts at the last two samplings (giving about 7 log VBNC cells g–1). In conclusion, soil type had a significant influence on the occurrence of VBNC cells of CHA0-Rif, although these cells were found in root-associated habitats (i.e. rhizosphere and root tissues) and not in bulk soil.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1986-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1977-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-7012
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8359
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2001-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1364-5072
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2672
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 26 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. were infected by the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. Infections caused severe damage to R. crispus. Rusted plants always had a reduced number of leaves and the significant loss of dry weight of roots and leaves amounted to a minimum of 55% compared with controls. Less damage was caused to R. obtusifolilus, but a significant loss of root and leaf dry weight was also observed. These findings support earlier suggestions in the literature that U. rumicis may be able to play a role in controlling docks, which are common weeds in pastures. Effets pathogènes de la rouille Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. sur Rumex crispus L. et Rumex obtusifolius L.Des Rumex crispus L. et R. obtusifolius L. ont été infectés par la rouille Uromyces rumicis (Schum) Wint. Les infections ont provoqué des dommages importants chez R. crispus. Les plantes infectées avaient toujours un nombre de feuilles réduit, et subissaient au niveau des racines et des feuilles une perte significative de poids sec d'au moins 55% par rapport aux témoins. Les dommages subis par R. obtusifoliusétaient moins importants, mais une perte significative de poids sec des racines et des feuilles a également été observée. Ces résultats confirment la possibilité déjä suggérée dans la littérature que U. rumicis peut être capable de jouer un rôle dans le contrôle des Rumex, qui sont des mauvaises herbes communes dans les prairies. Ueber Schäden an Rumex crispus L. und R. obtusifolius L., verursacht durch den Rostpilz Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. Rumex crispus L. und R. obtusifolius L. wurden mit dem Rostpilz Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. infiziert. Die Infektionen verursachten an R. crispus starke Schädigungen. Befallene Pflanzen wiesen eine reduzierte Anzahl Blätter auf. Die signifikante Verringerung des Trockengewichtes von Wurzeln und Blättern betrug mindestens 55% im Vergleich zu unbefallenen Kontrollen. An R. obtusifolius waren die Schäden geringer; aber auch in diesem Fall wurde eine signifikante Reduktion der Trockengewichte von Wurzeln und Blättern beobachtet. Diese Befunde bestätigen frühere Literaturangaben, wonach U. rumicis bei der Bekämpfung von Rumex-Arten, die verbreitete Unkräuter auf Weiden sind, eine Rolle spielen könnte.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 26 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Nineteen species of the genus Senecio, 18 species of cultivated Compositae and seven of the most common crop plants were tested in the glasshouse for susceptibility to Puccinia expansa Link (=P. glomerata Grev.), collected from Senecio alpinus (L.) Scop. in Switzerland. In the genus Senecio certain species groups only were attacked. Within these species groups the degree of infection of the different species was similar. All collections of the problem weeds S. alpinus and S. jacobaea L. were severely attacked whereas only one collection of S. vulgaris L. was slightly infected. Two cultivars of S. cineraria DC., an ornamental plant, were slightly susceptible if inoculated at the stage of two to four fully developed leaves. Older plants were not attacked.The low teliospore germination of P. expansa (6%) could be increased by storing the spores for 21 days on water agar at 2° or 8°C under continuous darkness, after which 30 and 70% germination could be obtained. These results show that P. expanses is specialized enough to be used in biocontrol of S. alpinus and S. jacobaea. La gamme des hôtes de Puccinia expansa Link (= P. glomerata Grev.), champignon éventuellement utilisable dans la lutte biologique contre Senecio spp.Dix-neuf espèces du genre Senecio, 18 Composées cultivées et sept espèces des cultures les plus répandues ont subi en serre des épreuves de sensibilité envers Puccinia expansa Link (=P. glomerata Grev.), récoltée sur Senceio alpinus (L.) Scop. en Suisse. Dans le genre Senecio, seuls certains groupes d'espèces ont été attaqués. A l'intérieur de ces groupes, le niveau d'infection était semblable chez les différentes espèces. Toutes les collections de S. alpinus et S. jacobaea L., espèces adventices difficiles à maîtriser, ont subi des attaques sévères tandis qu'une seule collection de S. vulgaris L. a fait preuve d'une infection légère. Deux variétés de S. cineraria DC., plante d'ornement, se sont montrées légèrement sensibles lorsque l'inoculation a eu lieu au stade deux à quatre feuilles en plein développement. Les plantes plus mûres n'ont pas subi d'attaque.La faible germination des téliospores de P. expansa (6%) s'est améliorée après stockage des spores pendant 21 jours sur de la gélose à 2 ou 8 Cen obscurité permanente; alors une germination de 30 et 70% a été réalisée. Ces résultats font voir que P. expansa est suffisamment spécifique pour servir dans la lutte biologique contre S. alpinus et S. jacobaea. Das Wirtsspektrum von Puccinia expansa Link (=P. glomerata Grev), eines möglicherweise zur Bekämpfung von Unkräutern aus der Gattung Senecio geeigneten PilzesNeunzehn Arten der Gattung Senecio, 18 Arten kukivierter Compositen und 7 der verbreitetsten Kulturpflanzen wurden im Gewäehshaus auf ihre Anfälligkeit gegenüber Puccinia expansa Link (=P. glomerata Grev.) gepiüft. Der für die Versuche verwendete Pilzstamm wurde in der Schweiz von befallenen Senecio alpinus (L.) Scop. isoliert. In der Gattung Senecio erwiesen sich nur gewisse Artengruppen als anfällig. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen war der Infektionsgrad bei den einzelnen Arten ähnlieh. Alle Sammelmuster der Problemunkräuter S. alpinus und S. jacohaea L. wurden stark befallen, während nur ein Muster von S. vulgaris L. leicht infiziert wurde. Zwei Sorten von S. cineraria DC, cincr Zierpflanze, zeigten sich leicht anfällig, wenn sie im Stadium von 2–4 voll ausgebildeten Blättern infiziert worden waren. Aeltere Ptlanzen wurden nicht befallen.Die niedrige Keimungsrate (6%) der Teliosporen von P. expansa konnte durch Lagerung auf Wasseragar bei 2 oder 8°C während 21 Tagen in dauernder Dunkelheit auf 30 und 70% gesteigert werden. Diese Resultate zeigen, dass P. expansa einen genügend hohen Spezialisationsgrad aufweist, dass ein Einsatz zur biologischen Konrolle von S. alpinus und S. jacobaea möglich erscheint.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Introduction of the recombinant cosmid pME3090 into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO, a good biocontrol agent of various diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, increased three- to five-fold the production of the antibiotic metabolites pyoluteorin (Pit) and 2,4-diacetylphlorogIucinol (Phi) in vitro. Strain CHAO/pME3090 also overproduced Pit and Phi in the rhizosphere of wheat infected or not infected with Pythium ultimum. The biocontrol activity of the wild-type and recombinant Straitis was compared using various plant pathogen-host combinations in a gnotobiotic system. Antibiotic overproduction affected neither the protection of wheat against P. ultimum and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici nor the growth of wheat plants. In contrast, strain CHA0/pME3090 showed an increased capacity to protect cucumber against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Phomopsis sclerotioides, compared with the wild-type strain CHAO, The antibiotic overproducing strain protected tobacco roots significantly better against Thielaviopsis basicola than the wild-type strain but drastically reduced the growth of tobacco plants and was also toxic to the growth of sweet com. On King's B agar and on malt agar, the recombinant strain CHA0/pME3090 inhibited all pathogens more than did the parental strain CHAO. Synthetic Pit and Phi were toxic to all fungi tested. Tobacco and sweet com were more sensitive to synthetic Pit and Phi than were cucumber and wheat. There was no correlation between the sensitivity of the pathogens to the synthetic antibiotics and the degree of disease suppression by strain CHAO pME3090. However, there was a correlation between the sensitivity of the plants and the toxicity of the recombinant strain. We conclude that the plant species rather than the pathogen determines whether cosmid pME3090 in P. fluorescens strain CHAO leads to improved disease suppression.
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