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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 1 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Nonstandard probability theory and stochastic analysis, as developed by Loeb, Anderson, and Keisler, has the attractive feature that it allows one to exploit combinatorial aspects of a well-understood discrete theory in a continuous setting. We illustrate this with an example taken from financial economics: a nonstandard construction of the well-known Black-Scholes option pricing model allows us to view the resulting object at the same time as both (the hyperfinite version of) the binomial Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model (that is, a hyperfinite geometric random walk) and the continuous model introduced by Black and Scholes (a geometric Brownian motion). Nonstandard methods provide a means of moving freely back and forth between the discrete and continuous points of view. This enables us to give an elementary derivation of the Black-Scholes option pricing formula from the corresponding formula for the binomial model. We also devise an intuitive but rigorous method for constructing self-financing hedge portfolios for various contingent claims, again using the explicit constructions available in the hyperfinite binomial model, to give the portfolio appropriate to the Black-Scholes model. Thus, nonstandard analysis provides a rigorous basis for the economists' intuitive notion that the Black-Scholes model contains a built-in version of the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 3 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we develop a new notion of convergence for discussing the relationship between discrete and continuous financial models, D2-convergence. This is stronger than weak convergence, the commonly used mode of convergence in the finance literature. We show that D2-convergence, unlike weak convergence, yields a number of important convergence preservation results, including the convergence of contingent claims, derivative asset prices and hedge portfolios in the discrete Cox-Ross-Rubinstein option pricing models to their continuous counterparts in the Black-Scholes model. Our results show that D2-convergence is characterized by a natural lifting condition from nonstandard analysis (NSA), and we demonstrate how this condition can be reformulated in standard terms, i.e., in language that only involves notions from standard analysis. From a practical point of view, our approach suggests procedures for constructing good (i.e., convergent) approximate discrete claims, prices, hedge portfolios, etc. This paper builds on earlier work by the authors, who introduced methods from NSA to study problems arising in the theory of option pricing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 39 (1988) 375 
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 5 (1986), S. 105-135 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 49A10 ; 49A60 ; 93E20 ; 03H05 ; Control ; optimality ; deterministic ; stochastic ; partial observations ; digital read-out ; nonstandard analysis ; Loeb spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In Part I, methods of nonstandard analysis are applied to deterministic control theory, extending earlier work of the author. Results established include compactness of relaxed controls, continuity of solution and cost as functions of the controls, and existence of optimal controls. In Part II, the methods are extended to obtain similar results for partially observed stochastic control. Systems considered take the form: where the feedback control u depends on information from a digital read-out of the observation process y. The noise in the state equation is controlled along with the drift. Similar methods are applied to a Markov system in the final section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 115 (1999), S. 121-151 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): Primary 35Q30, 60H15, 60G60; Secondary 35R60, 76D05, 60J25 ; Key words and phrases. Stochastic Navier–Stokes equations, stochastic flow, stochastic attractors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. For 2-D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations on the torus with multiplicative noise we construct a perfect cocycle and show the existence of global random compact attractors. The equations considered do not admit a pathwise method of solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 60 (1982), S. 335-357 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A hyperfinite filtered Loeb space is a very rich probability space constructed using non-standard analysis. Let b be a given Brownian motion on such a Loeb space. In this paper the infinitesimal techniques of Keisler (An infinitesimal approach to stochastic analysis, to appear) are extended to obtain solutions on this space to equations of the form dy t=f(t,y)dt+g(t,y)db t tε[0,1] where f,g are measurable and f(t,x), g(t,x) depend on the past (x s)s≦t of xεC[0,1]. Conditions under which solutions are obtained are (1) (Theorem 3.1) $$g \equiv 1{\text{ and }}E\left( {\exp \int\limits_0^1 {f(t,x)dx_t - \tfrac{1}{2}\int\limits_0^1 {f^2 (t,x)dt} } } \right) = 1$$ assuming that $${\text{(assuming that }}\int\limits_{\text{0}}^{\text{1}} {f^2 (t,x)dt 〈 \infty {\text{ a}}{\text{.s}}{\text{.)}}} $$ or (2) (Theorem 4.1) 0〈¦g¦≦M, g is continuous in x, and ¦fg−1(t,x)¦ M(1 + ¦|x¦|).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 32 (1993), S. 157-182 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: Primary 93E20, 49K27 ; Secondary 03H05, 28E05 ; Optimal stochastic controls ; partially observed diffusions ; generalized controls ; nonstandard analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a class of generalized controls called random relaxed controls, and show that under quite general conditions, a partially observed, controlled diffusion will have an optimal random relaxed control whose cost equals the infimum over the costs of all ordinary controls. We also show that the optimal admissible control can be approximated arbitrarily well by very simple, ordinary controls. The proofs are based on a close analysis of the standard parts of nonstandard controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 18 (1990), S. 261-281 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: Primary: 60K99 ; Secondary: 60F10 ; 03H05 ; 26E05 ; 60G15 ; 60G60 ; Lévy Brownian motion ; action ; large deviations ; Loeb measure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Stoll's construction [7] of Lévy Brownian motion l on ℝd as a white noise integral is used to obtain an action functional I(x) defined for the ‘surfaces’ x of l. This provides a ‘Cameron-Martin’ formula for translation of Lévy measure λ, and also a large deviation principle for scaled Lévy measures λδ. Proofs follow the lines of [2], where nonstandard techniques were used to give natural proofs of the corresponding results for Wiener measure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 25 (1991), S. 59-85 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 76D05 ; 35Q30 ; 60H15 ; 26E35 ; 28E05 ; Navier-Stokes ; stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE's) ; nonstandard analysis ; Loeb space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We construct a solution to stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in dimension n≤4 with the feedback in both the external forces and a general infinite-dimensional noise. The solution is unique and adapted to the Brownian filtration in the 2-dimensional case with periodic boundary conditions or, when there is no feedback in the noise, for the Dirichlet boundary condition. The paper uses the methods of nonstandard analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-8051
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2064
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Springer
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