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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z)-17(20)-Dehydrocholesterol. A new sterol with C-21 and C-22 spatially fixed (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 41 (1976), S. 3429-3433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New preparation of desmosterol (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 39 (1974), S. 1658-1662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00925a013
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of trail pheromone of larva of eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Eastern tent caterpillar ; Malacosoma americanum ; Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; larva ; trail pheromone ; recruitment ; 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum F.) mark trails, leading from their tent to feeding sites on host trees, with a pheromone secreted from the posterior tip of the abdominal sternum. 5β-Cholestane-3,24-dione (1) has been identified as an active component of the trail. The larvae have a threshold sensitivity to the pheromone of 10−11 g/mm of trail. Several related compounds elicit the trail-following response. Two other species of tent caterpillars also responded positively to the pheromone in preliminary laboratory tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 363-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anal-gland compounds ; 2-propylthietane ; 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane ; stoat ; vole ; red fox urine ; feces ; 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline ; crop protection ; feeding suppression ; orchard ; interspecific communication ; kairomones ; predator odors ; Microtus spp. ; Vulpes vulpes ; mustelids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and fecal and urine compounds from the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in generating an avoidance response by montane voles (Microtus montanus), as well as suppressing feeding by montane and meadow (M. pennsylvanicus) voles on apple trees in orchards. In trap bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane significantly reduced vole captures. Other mixtures of stoat compounds reduced the number of new voles captured but not total individuals. 2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces, significantly reduced vole captures in one of two bioassays. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not show a negative response to any predator odor. In overwinter field bioassays, mixtures of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane clearly reduced vole feeding on apple trees in four test blocks. 2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline and a synthetic fox urine mixture also significantly reduced vole attack in respective orchard blocks. Similarly, the intensity of vole feeding, in terms of amount of bark and vascular tissues removed from trees, was reduced by 60% to 97% in predator odor treatments compared with the control. Our study reports the first long-term (four to five months) use of synthetic semiochemicals as area repellents for crop protection from vole feeding damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022552
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 379-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Predator odors ; mustelids ; anal-gland compounds ; pocket gopher ; avoidance response ; thietanes ; dithiolanes ; crop protection ; orchard ; kairomones ; 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline ; fox urine and feces ; Vulpes vulpes, Mustela spp. ; Thomomys talpoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (Mustela erminea) and ferret (M. putorius) in generating an avoidance response by northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) in tree fruit orchards in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. A secondary objective assessed the impact of additional predator odors on gopher avoidance behavior in laboratory bioassays. In field bioassays, a 1: 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane, as well as 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane, placed in gopher burrows did not reduce the number of gophers colonizing treatment versus control grids in orchard blocks. However, these predator gophers did dramatically alter the distribution of gophers. Significantly more gophers were captured at perimeter than nonperimeter trap stations on treatment versus control grids in two of three orchards. In all orchards, significantly more gophers were captured at perimeter stations after the predator odors had been placed in burrows than prior to the start of the experiment. Gophers clearly avoided 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces, but did not avoid 2,2-dimethylthietane from the mink (M. vison) or 3-methyl-3-butenyl methyl sulfide from fox urine in laboratory bioassays. Poor avoidance was also recorded for 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane, although this may be due to the state of polymerization of this compound. An improved formulation is required to dispense these semiochemicals in controlled-release devices within orchards and other forest-agricultural areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022553
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the plant antifeedant, pinosylvin, on suppression of feeding by snowshoe hares (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1151-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Plant antifeedants ; pinosylvin ; pinosylvin methyl ether ; snowshoe hare ; Lepus americanus ; herbivore ; lodgepole pine ; forest plantation ; release devices ; feeding suppression ; crop protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the influence of the plant antifeedants, pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether (PME), on suppression of feeding by snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Screening bioassays showed clearly that pinosylvin suppressed feeding by hares when sprayed directly on coniferous tree seedlings. Pinosylvin odor, when associated with food (but not mixed with it), also significantly reduced consumption of rabbit chow by hares. Large pen bioassays indicated that both pinosylvin and PME significantly reduced feeding on tree seedlings by hares when the antifeedants were sprayed directly on trees. In field bioassays near Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, pinosylvin sprayed on trees and encapsulated in controlled-release devices of PVC plastic, with an internal wire as a twist-tie for attachment to tree, significantly reduced feeding by hares. Thus, pinosylvin will generate an “avoidance response” in terms of feeding by snowshoe hares. This response is likely triggered by an olfactory pathway based on positive results with controlledrelease devices attached to seedlings. Our study reports the first practical utilization of plant antifeedants for forest crop protection and wildlife management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980070
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scent lures from anal sac secretions of the ferretMustela furo L. (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ferret ; Mustela furo ; lure ; scent ; thietane ; sulfur-containing compounds ; anal sac secretion ; wildlife management ; trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay of eight synthetic anal sac compounds showed that ferrets were most attracted to a mixture of 2-propylthietane andtrans- andcis-2,3-dimethylthietane. This mixture was used as the basis of an artificial scent lure. Trapping experiments used two traps at each site. In comparing trap success, ferrets chose artificial lure in preference to no odor, and chose both food baits and natural-product anal sac odor over artificial lure. However, the effectiveness of artificial lure was demonstrated by comparison between trap sites with bait-lure pairs and those with lure only. The comparison indicated that scent lures should be as effective as bait in attracting ferrets, and this was confirmed in a field program. We conclude that scent lures are valuable additions to the current techniques used in mustelid control operations, but more work is needed to increase the inherent species specificity of scent lures for mustelids and to develop a simple means of making a lure that will release odor for a long time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027791
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anal gland secretion of the ferret (Mustela putorius formaFuro) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 837-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ferret ; Mustela putorius formafuro ; mustelid ; thietane ; 1,2-dithiolane ; sulfur containing compounds ; anal gland secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 2,2-Dimethylthietane(1),trans-2,3-dimethylthietane(2),cis-2,3-dimethylthietane(3), 2-propylthietane(4), 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane(5),trans-3,4-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane(6),cis-3,4-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane(7), 2-pentylthietane (8), 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane(9), quinoline(10), and indole(11) have been identified as components of the anal gland secretion of the ferret,Mustela putorius formafuro. Male and female ferret secretions were indistinguishable except during the breeding season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine fractions that release flehmen in black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; urine ; Flehmen ; deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Flehmen (or “lipcurl”) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine, performed primarily during the reproductive season. To elucidate the components of female urine that release the Flehmen, urine of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was fractionated, and the fractions were presented to captive male conspecifics during three rutting seasons. The active principle (one or more compounds) is watersoluble, of low volatility, not readily extractable with organic solvents, and between 200 and 12,000 daltons in molecular weight. Several urine components were identified, but none of these showed activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987849
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anal gland secretions of the stoat (Mustela erminea) and the ferret (Mustela putorius formafuro) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1037-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anal gland secretion ; mustelid ; ferret ; stoat ; thietane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two new thietanes,cis- andtrans-2-ethyl-3-methylthietane, have been identified in the anal gland secretion of the stoat, and 2-isopropyl thietane has been characterized from the anal gland secretion of the ferret. Conflicting published data are reevaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020673
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