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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The addition of inertia to exercising astronauts could increase ground reaction forces and potentially provide a greater health benefit. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the adaptations to additional mass (inertia) without additional net weight (gravitational force) during locomotion. We examined the effect of increasing inertia while maintaining net gravitational force on vertical ground reaction forces and kinematics during walking and running. Vertical ground reaction force was measured for ten healthy adults (5 male/5 female) during walking (1.34 m/s) and running (3.13 m/s) using a force-measuring treadmill. Subjects completed locomotion at normal weight and mass, and at 10, 20, 30, and 40% of added inertial force. The added gravitational force was relieved with overhead suspension, so that the net force between the subject and treadmill at rest remained equal to 100% body weight. Peak vertical impact forces and loading rates increased with increased inertia during walking, and decreased during running. As inertia increased, peak vertical propulsive forces decreased during walking and did not change during running. Stride time increased during walking and running, and contact time increased during running. Vertical ground reaction force production and adaptations in gait kinematics were different between walking and running. The increased inertial forces were utilized independently from gravitational forces by the motor control system when determining coordination strategies.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-32652 , 2015 Human Research Program (HRP) Investigators'' Workshop; Jan 13, 2015 - Jan 15, 2015; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: JSC-CN-31549 , Data Review; Jul 25, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-26252 , ESA Users Consultation; Apr 26, 2012 - Apr 27, 2012; Noordwijk; Netherlands
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-26260 , Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2012 Annual Meeting; May 06, 2012 - May 10, 2012; Fort Lauderdale, FL; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Reports of astronauts' visual changes have raised concern about ocular health during long-duration spaceflight. Some of these findings include globe flattening with hyperopic shifts, choroidal folds, optic disc edema, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickening, and cotton wool spots. While the etiology remains unknown, it is hypothesized that, in predisposed individuals, hypertension in the brain may follow cephalad fluid shifts during spaceflight. This possible mechanism of ocular changes may also apply to analogous cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or pseudotumor cerebri on Earth patients. Head-down t ilt (HDT) bed rest is a spaceflight analog that induces cephalad fluid shifts. Previous studies of the HDT position demonstrated body fluid shifts associated with changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) but the conditions of bed rest varied among experiments, making it difficult to compare data and draw conclusions. For these reasons, vision evaluation of bed rest subjects was implemented for NASA bed rest studies since 2010, in an attempt to monitor vision health in subjects subjected to bed rest. Vision monitoring is thus currently performed in all NASA-conducted bed rest campaigns
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-25765 , HRP Investigators Workshop 2012; Feb 14, 2012 - Feb 16, 2012; Houston, TX
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Optics
    Type: JSC-CN-31555
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  • 8
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-29408
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: NASA and IBMP are planning research collaborations using the IBMP Ground-based Experimental Facility (NEK). The NEK offers unique capabilities to study the effects of isolation on behavioral health and performance as it relates to spaceflight. The NEK is comprised of multiple interconnected modules that range in size from 50-250m(sup3). Modules can be included or excluded in a given mission allowing for flexibility of platform design. The NEK complex includes a Mission Control Center for communications and monitoring of crew members. In an effort to begin these collaborations, a 2-week mission is planned for 2017. In this mission, scientific studies will be conducted to assess facility capabilities in preparation for longer duration missions. A second follow-on 2-week mission may be planned for early in 2018. In future years, long duration missions of 4, 8 and 12 months are being considered. Missions will include scenarios that simulate for example, transit to and from asteroids, the moon, or other interplanetary travel. Mission operations will be structured to include stressors such as, high workloads, communication delays, and sleep deprivation. Studies completed at the NEK will support International Space Station expeditions, and future exploration missions. Topics studied will include communication, crew autonomy, cultural diversity, human factors, and medical capabilities.
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: JSC-CN-37954 , Conference on Space Biology and Medicine; Dec 05, 2016 - Dec 08, 2016; Moscow; Russia
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: International collaboration in space flight research is an effective means for conducting investigations and utilizing limited resources to the fullest extent. Through these multilateral collaborations mutual research questions can be investigated and resources contributed by each international partner to maximize the scientific benefits to all parties. Recently the international partners embraced this approach to initiate collaborations in groundbased space flight analog environments. In 2011, the International Analog Research Working Group was established, and later named the International Human Space Flight Analog Research Coordination Group (HANA). Among the goals of this working group are to 1) establish a framework to coordinate research campaigns, as appropriate, to minimize duplication of effort and enhance synergy; 2) define what analogs are best to use for collaborative interests; and 3) facilitate interaction between discipline experts in order to have the full benefit of international expertise. To accomplish these goals, HANA is currently engaged in developing international research campaigns in groundbased analogs. Plans are being made for an international solicitation for proposals to address research of common interest to all international partners. This solicitation with identify an analog environment that will best accommodate the types of investigations requested. Once selected, studies will be integrated into a campaign and implemented at the analog site. Through these combined efforts, research beneficial to all partners will be conducted efficiently to further address human risks of space exploration.
    Keywords: Administration and Management; Documentation and Information Science
    Type: JSC-CN-32990 , Humans in Space Symposium; Jun 29, 2015 - Jul 03, 2015; Prague; Czechoslovakia
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