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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of biologically important trace elements by direct reading spectrography (1965)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 450-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627050
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neubauer method as an aid for trace element investigation in soils (1966)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 199-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624802
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical diagnosis of soil pollution with heavy metals (1984)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317 (1984), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The diagnosis of soil pollution essentially depends on the adoption of a suitable procedure for sample treatment, rather than the choice of a purely analytical technique Total soil analysis may give information about possible enrichment of the soil with heavy metals, but is generally and for most elements not a sufficient criterion for the estimation of the biological effect and has to be completed by additional chemical analyses, specifying the chemical forms and mobility of the contaminating compounds in the soil. The possibilities for the estimation of total and extractable elements are discussed as well as analytical speciation techniques in relation to the determination of their biological effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Bestimmung einer Bodenverunreinigung hängt wesentlich von der geeigneten Probenvorbehandlung ab und weniger von der rein analytischen Methode. Eine Gesamtanalyse gibt Auskunft über eine mögliche Anreicherung von Schwermetallen, ist aber im allgemeinen und für die meisten Elemente nicht ausreichend zur Erkennung der biologischen Wirkung und muß durch zusätzliche chemische Analysen zur Spezifizierung der chemischen Form und der Mobilität der Verunreinigungen ergänzt werden. Möglichkeiten zur Gesamtbestimmung der Elemente sowie des extrahierbaren Anteils werden diskutiert und Verfahren zur Spezifizierung in Beziehung zur biologischen Wirksamkeit aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant quality response to uptake of polluting elements (1976)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 26 (1976), S. 293-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Mineralelemente, die infolge Lokalpollution in überhohen Gehalten in der Umwelt gefunden werden, beeinflussen den Pflanzenwuchs und die Qualität. Die Autoren haben die Aufnahme von einigen dieser Elemente studiert und ihre mögliche Akkumulation in Pflanzen. Die Gehalte in Pflanzen, übereinstimmend mit ihrer Phytotoxizität, werden experimentell bestimmt. Mehrere Fälle von schädlichen Effekten auf Tiere und das Problem der Kriterien von einer mineralischen Elementenkontamination werden diskutiert mit Rücksicht auf Schwermetalle und Fluoride. Im zweiten Teil wird der Einfluß auf mehrere organische Pflanzenbestandteile besprochen. Die Analysenverfahren, Elektrophorese, Gel-Filtration und Dünnschicht-chromatographie wurden verwendet für die Trennung mehrerer typischer Qualitätsindikatoren, wie Chlorophyl, Xantophyll, β-Carotin und Proteine. Der Einfluß von Zink, dessen Variabilität im Pflanzengewebe auf die genannten organischen Qualitätsindikatoren groß ist, wurde beschrieben im vergleich mit dem Effekt von Kupfer, das in der Pflanze weniger variable ist.
    Notes: Abstract Several mineral elements which are found in excessive amounts in the environment, due to local pollution, influence plant growth and quality. The authors have studied the uptake pattern of some of these elements and their possible accumulation in plants. The contents in plants corresponding with phytotoxicity are experimentally determined. Different cases of harmfull effects towards animals and the problem of criteria for mineral element contamination are discussed, especially with regard to heavy metals and fluorine. In the second part the influence of mineral elements upon some organic plant constituents is studied. Analytical techniques such as electrophoresis, gel filtration and T.L. chromatography are used for separating some typical quality indicators such as chlorophyl, xantophyll, β-cartotene and protein. Since Zn is typically an element giving very large content variations in plant tissues, its influence on the mentioned organic quality indicators is described in comparison with the effect of Cu, which is much less variable in the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil enrichment with mineral elements and fertilizers on surface water and plants (1972)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 22 (1972), S. 37-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben, daß bei starker Anwendung von Mineraldüngern eine Anreicherung bestimmter Nährstoffe im Boden und im Grundwasser hervorgerufen werden kann. Demnach ist diese Art der Kontamination weniger bedeutend als die Verseuchung des Bodens und der Pflanzen mit Spurenelementen äußerer Herkunft, was zu toxischer Anreicherung in Pflanzen und zur Minderung von Ernteerträgen führen kann. Derartige Verhältnisse lassen sich relativ einfach durch Gefäßversuche nachweisen. Unseren Untersuchungen zufolge liegt das wirksamste Mittel zur Immobilisierung eines Übermaßes von Spurenelementen bei Leichten Böden in einer stetigen Erhöhung des Boden-pH durch Aufkalkung.
    Abstract: Résumé Cette étude indique que la fertilisation intensive avec engrais solides peut causer un enrichissment de certains éléments nutritifs dans le sol et l'eau du sol. Toutefois cette forme de contamination est moins importante que la pollution du sol et des plantes par des sources externes d'éléments traces, qui peut mener à des accumulations toxiques dans les plantes et à des diminutions de rendement. Une telle situation se confirme assez facilement par une simple technique d'essai en vases. Suivant notre expérience le moyen le plus efficace pour immobiliser un excès d'éléments traces en sols légers, consiste dans l'augmentation du pH par chaulage.
    Notes: Abstract Our observations indicate that intensive use of solid fertilizers may result in a certain accumulation of nutrient elements in the soil and an enrichment of soil water with these elements. Further comparative studies with liquid and solid fertilizers are actually carried out. As far as our experience reaches, this type of contamination however is less important than soil and plant pollution with external sources of trace elements, which can lead to toxic accumulations in plants and actual yield depressions. An accurate identification of such situation is possible using simple pot experiment techniques. It is our experience that the most effective way for immobilizing an excess of unwanted trace elements in light textured soils, is a consistant increase of soil pH by liming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099736
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of bean to foliar spray of titanium (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bean Chlorophyll ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Titanium nutrition ; Uptake of major and trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To compare the effectiveness of two sources of Ti:-dicyclopentadienyl titanium chloride (organic Ti) and titanium chloride (inorganic Ti) a pot experiment was conducted with bean at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm levels of water-soluble Ti applied as foliar spray. Application of Ti enhanced the chlorophyll content of leaves, suggesting its influence to promote photosynthesis. Dry matter yield of bean was increased by 5.6, 8.9 and 20 per cent over control due to addition of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm levels of water-soluble Ti, respectively. However, organic and inorganic sources of Ti were equally effective. Spray of Ti also increased the uptake of major and trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197724
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical activity and biological effect of sludge-borne heavy metals and inorganic metal salts added to soils (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Chemical activity ; Copper ; Inorganic salt ; Nickel ; Plant uptake ; Sludgeborne ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the chemical activity and the uptake by Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. S24) of Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni added to a sandy and a heavy clay soil in two different forms: as inorganic salts and sludge-borne. The chemical activity of heavy metals as evaluated with different extractants was higher for the inorganic salt treatment and for the sandy soil, indicating that the chemical form of the metal and soil characteristics largely affect their extractability. The different chemical activity was also reflected in plant uptake. For all metals the degree of plant accumulation decreased in the following order: sandy soil-salt ≫ sandy soil-sludge〉 clay soil-salt〉clay soil-sludge. These findings indicate that caution must be used when using results of inorganic salt treatments and different soil types to evaluate plant uptake of heavy metals from sludge amended soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182147
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chelate behaviour in saline-alkaline soil conditions (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 46 (1977), S. 603-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A spectrophotometric method was used to study the effect of pH and competing ions (Ca, Mg, Na) on the stability of Fe- and Cu-chelates of EDTA, DTPA and EDDHA. The measured stability was compared with the calculated stability-pH diagrams. A favourable agreement with the values of the formation constants was observed. Laboratory and pot experiments were carried out by adding these chelates to saline-alkaline soil and the extractable fractions of trace elements in soil and their uptake by barley were evaluated. Availability and uptake of Fe and Cu significantly increased, with different magnitude, by chelate application. The influence on Mn and Zn was variable. The most effective chelating agents, as deduced from uptake were: EDDHA for Fe, Cu and Mn; and EDTA for Zn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015919
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal contamination near major highways, industrial and urban areas in belgian grassland (1985)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 24 (1985), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was made of the Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb contents in samples of soil and grass collected along highways and in fields adjoining industrial zones in Belgium. Soil contamination by Zn and Pb was quite pronounced along highways and in some cases contamination by Mn was also observed. Contamination by these heavy metals decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the highway. High values of metal accumulation in plants located near highways were observed. The accumulation of Pb was particularly pronounced. Contamination by Cu, Zn, Pb and possibly Mn in soils of some urban gardens was also recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229522
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  • 10
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    Heavy Metals Uptake From Contaminated Soils as Affected by Peat, Lime, and Chelates (1985)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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