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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHROMATIN INSULATORS AND BOUNDARIES: Effects on Transcription and Nuclear Organization (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 35 (2001), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatin boundaries and insulators are transcriptional regulatory elements that modulate interactions between enhancers and promoters and protect genes from silencing effects by the adjacent chromatin. Originally discovered in Drosophila, insulators have now been found in a variety of organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. They have been found interspersed with regulatory sequences in complex genes and at the boundaries between active and inactive chromatin. Insulators might modulate transcription by organizing the chromatin fiber within the nucleus through the establishment of higher-order domains of chromatin structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.090349
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT-HOST INTERACTIONS:Regulation of Insertion and Excision (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 31 (1997), S. 381-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transposable elements propagate by inserting into new locations in the genomes of the hosts they inhabit. Their transposition might thus negatively affect the fitness of the host, suggesting the requirement for a tight control in the regulation of transposable element mobilization. The nature of this control depends on the structure of the transposable element. DNA elements encode a transposase that is necessary, and in most cases sufficient, for mobilization. In general, regulation of these elements depends on intrinsic factors with little direct input from the host. Retrotransposons require an RNA intermediate for transposition, and their frequency of mobilization is controlled at multiple steps by the host genome by regulating both their expression levels and their insertional specificity. As a result, a symbiotic relationship has developed between transposable elements and their host. Examples are now emerging showing that transposons can contribute significantly to the well being of the organisms they populate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.381
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA interference machinery influences the nuclear organization of a chromatin insulator (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 38 (2006), S. 936-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved silencing mechanism that can act through alteration of chromatin structure. Chromatin insulators promote higher-order nuclear organization, thereby establishing DNA domains subject to distinct transcriptional controls. We present evidence for a functional ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1850
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential binding of hog brain microtubule-associated proteins to mouse satellite versus bulk DNA preparations (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 273 (1978), S. 403-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In an attempt3'4 to identify the interacting components of the spindle apparatus and the chromosome we found that microtubule proteins strongly bind to purified DNA. Binding studies after fractionation of microtubule proteins into tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) revealed that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/273403a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keeping enhancers under control (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 462-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE increase in genome size that accompanied the evolution of higher eukaryotes poses the serious problem of how to present the huge amount of regulatory information in DNA to transcription factors while keeping tight control of gene expression during the development of a particular ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376462a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular biology Protein encoding by both DNA strands (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 409 (2001), S. 1000-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All the evidence so far points to a gene's protein-coding information being contained in only one of its two DNA strands, with this strand serving as a template for transcription of the precursor RNA that is eventually translated into protein. Here we present structural evidence showing that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35059000
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of Wnt and a Frizzled homologue triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signalling (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 410-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In Drosophila , members of the frizzled family of tissue-polarity genes encode proteins that are likely to function as cell-surface receptors of the type known as Wnt receptors, and to initiate signal transduction across the cell membrane,, although how they do this is unclear. We show here ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37138
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two insulators are not better than one (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 8 (2001), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The expression of eukaryotic genes in specific tissues and at particular times of development is determined by regulatory sequences called enhancers and silencers. Enhancers bind transcription factors, which then help initiate transcription of the RNA at the promoter. Enhancers accomplish this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/84905
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The suppressor of Hairy-wing binding region is required for gypsy mutagenesis (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 233 (1992), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Retrotransposon ; Suppression ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We undertook a deletional analysis of the gypsy retrotransposon in order to determine which sequences of the element are required for its mutagenic effect. We show that a phenotype indistinguishable from that ofy 2 flies can be generated by transformingy − flies with a construct containing theyellow gene and a gypsy element located at the same insertion site inyellow as found iny 2 flies. When flies are transformed with similar constructs in which increasing amounts of the 5′ transcribed untranslated region of gypsy have been removed, either a partialy 2 revertant or a completely revertant phenotype is obtained. These results yield direct proof that the region of gypsy to which thesu(Hw) protein binds is required for the generation of mutant phenotypes by this retrotransposon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587562
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroviral elements and suppressor genes in Drosophila (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 5 (1986), S. 52-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The phenotype of some spontaneous mutations in Drosophila can be modified by mutations at unlinked loci. The affected alleles are caused by the insertion of retroviral transposable elements. The idiosyncratic functional and structural properties of these elements play a key role in determining the expression characteristics of the genes into which they are inserted. These phenotypes are reversed or intensified by the allelic state of suppressor and enhancer loci through changes in the transcriptional properties of the transposable elements.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950050203
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