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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted during the 1979 growing season to examine how North American bison (Bison bison) use prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Objectives included (1) determining whether bison selected for prairie dog towns parkwide; (2) characterizing in greater detail bison use patterns of a 36-ha colony in Pringle Valley as a function of time since prairie dog colonization; and (3) relating these bison use patterns to measured changes in structure and nutritional value of vegetation on and off the dog town. During midsummer, prairie dog towns were one of the most frequently used habitats by bison parkwide. Day-long observations at Pringle Valley revealed that bison exerted strong selection (nearly 90% of all habitat use and feeding time) for the dog town, which occupied only 39% of the valley. While there, they partitioned their use of the colony by grazing in moderately affected areas (occupied 〈8 years by prairie dogs) and by resting in the oldest area (〉26 years occupation). Prairie dogs facilitate bison habitat selection for a shortgrass successional stage in this mixed-grass community by causing a broad array of compositional, structural, and nutritional changes in the vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Research was conducted to determine the effects of a native, sedentary rodent of North American grasslands, the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), on seasonal aboveground plant biomass and nutrient dynamics and plant species diversity. The study was done on a northern mixed-grass prairie site at wind Cave National Park, South Dakota. Peak live plant biomass was greatest (190 g/m2) on the uncolonized part of the study area and least (95 g/m2) on a part of the prairie dog town colonized for 3 to 8 y. Peak live plant biomass (170 g/m2) of the oldest portion of the prairie dog town (colonized 〉26 y) was not significantly different from that of uncolonized prairie. However, where-as graminoids composed 〉85% of the total biomass of the latter area, forbs and dwarf shrubs (Artemisia frigida) were 〉95% of the total of the former. Both standing-dead plant biomass and litter declined markedly as time since colonization increased. Total plant species diversity (H) was greatest in the young prairie dog town (colonized for 3 to 8 y). Nitrogen concentration of plant shoots varied significantly as a function of time since colonization. Shoot-nitrogen was lowest in plants from the uncolonized site and greatest in plants collected from the longest-colonized areas of the prairie dog town. Shoot-nitrogen declined significantly over the growing season and tended to be higher in C3 graminoids than in C4 graminoids. In vitro digestible dry matter showed similar trends; the differences between C3 and C4 digestibilities were greatest during the last half of the growing season. We suggest that prairie dog-induced changes in plant biomass, plant species diversity, plant nutrient content, and forage digestibility may lead to further alterations of nutrient cycling and trophic dynamics in this mixed-grass prairie ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit production ofAcacia tortilis andA. nilotica in semi-arid Ethiopia (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 27 (1994), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: browse ; forage resource use ; pastoralism ; Borana region ; Acacia tortilis ; Acacia nilotica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Dry, dehiscent fruits ofAcacia tortilis provide important fodder for pastoral livestock in dry seasons on the central Borana Plateau, fruits ofA. nilotica may also be useful during drought. Information was needed on fruit yield to assess what these species could contribute to improved calf feeding systems based on local resources. Fruit production of 10 mature trees per species was measured at five sites for seven months during 1988–9 (n=50 per species). Fruit yields varied according to site, season and species x site (each atP〈0.001), but there was no main effect of species (P=0.13). Yields were not correlated with trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) or canopy area within or across species (P〉0.05 in all cases). Yields ranged from 0 to 40 kg DM per tree overall, with an average of 5.3 kg DM per tree (or 65 g DM/m2 of canopy area). This average tree had a DBH of 26 cm and a canopy area of 81 m2. Low and highly variable fruit yields appear to constrain enhanced use of these species here. These species warrant further attention in research and development, however, given their strategic value as forage resources in pastoral systems and their ability to persist in variable environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704832
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia (1995)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 32 (1995), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: acacia ; Borana region ; pastoralism ; proanthocyanidin ; woodland savanna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Browse is an important forage in pastoral systems, especially during dry seasons, because it is high in nitrogen and digestibility. However, browse palatability may be reduced by possible plant defenses such as tannins and physical attributes. Chemical and physical properties of 20 browse species were correlated with the feeding preference of camels, sheep and goats during wet and dry seasons in a densely wooded, semi-arid savanna. Preference was assessed by comparing relative use with abundance of browse species. Chemical components included nitrogen, available nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, in vitro digestibility, total tannins and condensed tannins. Physical defenses included thorns, hooks, spines, and leaf surface properties. Animal preference was negatively related to chemical and physical defense factors, positively related to N content, and unrelated to fibre and digestibility with results depending on animal species and season. Understanding the physical and chemical factors which influence browse selectivity aids in identifying promising forage resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711570
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  • 5
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    Fruit production ofAcacia tortilis andA. nilotica in semi-arid Ethiopia (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-4366
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9680
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-4366
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9680
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Seasonal patterns of energy allocation to basal metabolism, activity and production for livestock in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-01
    Description: SummaryEnergy budgets and estimates of forage intake requirements were developed for adult camels, cattle, sheep, and goats managed by nomads in the arid Turkana District of north-western Kenya. The estimates were developed by combining our field data on livestock activity patterns, diet quality, weight changes and milk yields with literature based estimates of the associated costs and efficiencies. On an annual basis, the average animal walked 17 km/day and had a total metabolizable energy (ME) allocation of 47% for basal metabolism, 16% for travel, 14% for other activities, and 23% for production. Season and species influenced patterns of energy demand and allocation. Average daily ME requirements ranged from 8·7 MJ (sheep) to 76·7 MJ (camels). ME demand for all species peaked during wet (April-May) or early-to mid-dry periods (June-October), and decreased considerably in the late-dry season (November-March). In the wet season the average sheep or goat allocated 45% of its ME budget to production of milk and gain, followed by cattle (36%) and camels (25%). All species were more similar in ME allocation for production during the late-dry season (7–13%; all to lactation), yet patterns of weight loss during this time indicated that camels experienced the lowest degree of negative energy balance. On an annual basis, camel budgets were the most deviant, as they allocated relatively more ME to activity and relatively less to basal metabolism or weight gain. Estimates of forage dry-matter intakes (per unit live weight per day) ranged from 3·8% (cattle, camels) to 4·6% (sheep, goats) throughout the year, and intakes declined for most species by an average of 50% from the wet to late-dry intervals. This approach has revealed ecological differences among livestock species that help explain the utility of multi-species holdings in this system.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    A comparative in vitro digestion trial using inocula of livestock from South Turkana and Kitale, Kenya (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-01
    Description: SummaryThe dry-matter digestibilities of 13 important herbaceous and browse forages from an arid rangeland in north-western Kenya were evaluated in a comparative in vitro trial using rumen fluid from indigenous sheep, goats, a camel, and Merino sheep kept at an agricultural laboratory. All inoculum donors had varied diets preceding the experiment, but little substantial difference was observed in the ability of each fluid to digest test materials. Tt was concluded that the Merino sheep inoculum provided an adequate substitute for inocula from indigenous animals for studies of the nutritional ecology of free-ranging livestock.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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