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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of plankton populations (1970)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 21 (1970), S. 401-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608639
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in sedimentation of particulate matter and lipid content of zooplankton collected by sediment trap in the Arctic Ocean off Axel Heiberg Island (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 467-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sedimentation of particulate matter measured at a depth of 100 m varied from 0.2 to 6.0 mg dry weight m-2 d-1 over approximately monthly intervals between September 1986 and June 1987 on the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean north of the Canadian Arctic Islands. Detritus deposited during December and January, the period of maximum sedimentation, contained relatively low amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen (4.0% and 0.5% of dry weight, respectively) with a carbon: nitrogen ratio 〉 7. Maximum rates of organic carbon and nitrogen sedimentation (0.60 and 0.12 mg m-2 d-1, respectively) during February were associated with debris enriched with organic matter (organic carbon and nitrogen content of 17.0% and 3.4% of dry weight, C:N=5). Dry weight of macrozooplankton, predominantly Calanus hyperboreus and Metridia longa, separated from preserved trap contents, equalled or exceeded by up to an order-of-magnitude the weight of sedimented debris. Lipid content of CV and adult female stages of C. hyperboreus decreased from 46%–64% of dry weight in September to 20%–30% in January. Females of C. hyperboreus with lower lipid levels (7% of dry weight) between April and June were probably in a post-reproductive condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological adaptations of an under-ice population of Pseudocalanus in Barrow Strait (N.W.T) to increasing food supply in spring (1990)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1990), S. 561-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Zooplankton and water samples were collected at weekly intervals between April 25 and May 30, 1986 in Barrow Strait, N.W.T. (Canadian Arctic Archipelago). In tows from 0–30 m, the zooplankton community (〉202 μm) was dominated by Pseudocalanus. The population was apparently growing and developing as shown by an increase in the proportion of adults (stage VI) and decreases in the proportion of stages III, IV, and V as the season progressed. Respiration and excretion rates of the Pseudocalanus populations were probably linked, there being an immediate increase in excretion rate, accompanying an increase in feeding rate when chlorophyll concentrations increased, which was followed by a smaller increase in respiration rate after a time lag. Hence, there was a large decrease in the O∶N ratio. Increased metabolism coincided with changes in the population structure, as did protease and bodily protein, but could not be clearly linked to dietary acclimation. Only laminarinase activity could be statistically related to an identifiable fraction of potential nutritional value in the water, particulate soluble carbohydrate, but neither showed overall seasonal change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239367
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction and development of Paedoclione doliiformis, and a comparison with Clione limacina (Opisthobranchia: Gymnosomata) (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 19 (1973), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations on breeding season, copulation, spawning, and development are described for Paedoclione doliiformis, the only gymnosomatous pteropod which consistently retains external larval features throughout its life. The number of eggs spawned per individual is dependent upon temperature and availability of Spiratella retroversa, its thecosome prey. At 17° to 19°C, planktotrophic veligers hatch from floating egg masses within 3 days, and cast their shells approximately 11 days later. The resultant shell-less veligers could complete metamorphosis to the polytrochous larval stage, in which the body is encircled by 3 ciliary bands, within 12 h. Some polytrochous larvae begin feeding on veligers of S. retroversa within 2 days. Unlike other gymnosome species, there is no further change in external appearance except for growth. A comparison of reproduction and development has been made with Clione limacina, another gymnosome which competes for food with P. doliiformis in Nova Scotian (Canada) coastal waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of radioactive isotopes to measure the transfer of materials in aquatic food chains (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 18 (1973), S. 272-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Radioisotopes have been misused extensively by ecologists in transfer studies within food chains. Unless it is known that no recycling of isotope has occurred during the experiment, the assumption of linear uptake when in fact the system is not linear, even over short periods, can lead to significant errors in the estimation of ingestion or feeding. If recycling occurs, at least a 3 or 4-compartment, hydraulic-type model is necessary to even approximate the complicated kinetics of isotopic transfer in a simple aquatic feeding experiment. In any event, it is essential to follow the uptake or loss of an isotope (change in specific activity) as a function of time in at least 1 compartment before deciding on an appropriate model. If experiments are designed so that the maximum number of rate processes are summed or integrated by the animal, the kinetics can be considerably simplified. If the food supply is uniformly labelled, the rate of change of tracer can be used to give a rate of ingestion (grazing). If the predator is labelled with a suitable isotope before starting the experiment, the rate of loss of its isotope burden under different experimental conditions can be used to determine respiration or excretion rates, turnover rates, ingestion, and the size and number of major compartments in the transfer system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347789
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability and its effect on the 24h chlorophyll budget of a small marine basin (1971)
    Springer
    Marine biology 10 (1971), S. 52-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an intensive study (lasting 25 h) of the production, export and grazing of phytoplankton in a small marine basin, it was found that 58% of the production (11% of the total standing stock) was lost by exchange with the sea and 34% was consumed by grazing of zooplankton. The measured production of phytoplankton could be balanced, to within a few percent, against grazing, export, and a small, measured, net change in the total standing stock of the basin. Large variations were observed in concentrations of chlorophyll and zooplankton at the mouth of the basin over the 25 h period. These variations were associated with changes in the height of the tide, but were about 21/2 h out of phase with it. Strong negative correlations were observed between chlorophyll and transport, such that only 35% of the chlorophyll exported was exchanged via the mean flow, while 65% was exchanged via the fluctuations. The correlation was even more striking with zooplankton, for which virtually all the export was associated with the fluctuations in the transport. Time series observations in the centre of the basin revealed considerable short-term variability in both chlorophyll and zooplankton, but the variations were smaller than those observed at the mouth of the basin, and the phase lag with the tide was longer. The variability studies enable suggestions to be made about more economical design of sampling programs, but illustrate the difficulty of providing verification data for any continuous model of primary production in such a basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026766
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on the use of a deep tank in planktological research (1977)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Dalhousie University Aquatron tower tank (10 m deep, 3.66 m in diameter, with viewing ports at regular intervals down its side) can be operated in a continuous flow mode or as a closed system and has programmable illumination providing up to 10% of maximum summer illumination at the surface. Such systems have several drawbacks. Perhaps most serious is the lack of an adequate control. In the continuous flow mode the system is subject to the same type of sampling error encountered in the use of any other sampling device in a patchy environment. Temperature regulation and mixing were a problem with the tank in the static mode. As a result considerable stratification of properties occurred. Irradiance seemed to have too much directionality for normal diel migration patterns to develop in the zooplanktonic community. On the other hand, the system would seem very useful for short-term studies of behaviour and community interaction. For example, the pteropodSpiratella retroversa has been observed to regulate its buoyancy almost instantly. Typically animals remain motionless or slowly sinking (5–20 cm min−1) for 1 to 5 minutes, swim up for 10 to 60s, and then return to “resting” and feeding. Mixed zooplankton populations, including such notoriously delicate animals asSagitta elegans, can also be maintained and behaviour studied. Despite a variable temperature regime, the structure of the zooplankton community remained intact for more than three months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207829
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative life histories in the genera Calanus and Neocalanus in high latitudes of the northern hemisphere (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 167-168 (1988), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: copepod ; Calanus ; life history ; vertical distribution ; reproduction ; ontogenetic migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At least nine species of Calanidae occupy the area of interest, four in the Atlantic and five in the Pacific. All store wax esters and probably can undergo diapause. Latitudinally overlapping or onshore — offshore associations of two or more species occur in both oceans. Interzonals, with reduced mouth parts in the adult female, are endemic to the Pacific subarctic gyre where their life cycles are completed in one year. Presumably its nearly closed circulation and environmental stability have favored the evolution of endemic species well adapted to those conditions. Lack of ice- and/or salinity-induced stability also limits blooms there. The sub-arctic Atlantic contains several smaller oceanographic features, open to both arctic and Atlantic influences and populated by species of different origins, arctic species can behave as interzonals but may also require two or more years to complete their life cycles. Females may need to feed one year to reproduce the next and therefore they retain functional mouthparts. In some places in the North Atlantic, blooms may start in the sub-ice zone and seed the remaining euphotic zone. There the earliest stages of some the Calanus species can develop close to the ice, using primarily ice algae as food, while the remaining stages are adapted to utilize brief periods of intense primary production in the water column. Salinity-induced stability and shallow water favor blooms in the boundary waters of both oceans, which may be of greater importance in the Atlantic because of the proportionally greater area of continental shelf there. In both oceans the smaller species of Calanidae can produce up to three generations per year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026299
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  • 9
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    Comparative life histories in the genera Calanus and Neocalanus in high latitudes of the northern hemisphere (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Variability and its effect on the 24h chlorophyll budget of a small marine basin (1971)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1971-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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