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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Electrical impedance measurements made on white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, stems were related to shoot free sugar contents and to osmotic, turgor and water potential. During seasonal dormancy induction, there were commensurate increases in free sugar contents, osmotic potential at full turgor and impedance which resulted in linear relationships among these variables. When measured over the course of laboratory drying, impedance increased curvilinearly with decreasing relative water content. There was a linear increase in impedance with decreasing water potential, with a break point coincident with the turgor loss point, possibly attributed to disruption to current flow through broken plasmodesmatal connections between adjacent cells. This technique offers a non-destructive method to measure tissue free sugar content, and therefore, short- and long-term shifts in parameters historically derived from pressure-volume analysis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Significantly different water relations attributes were derived for temperate conifers measured using the repeat pressurization (RP) and composite (CM) pressure–volume (PV) procedures. In the RP method, single shoots were measured 10–20 times for xylem water potential and mass during air-drying to produce each PV curve. In contrast, for CM PV curves 25–30 shoots were air-dried to relative water contents (R) ranging from 1.0 to 0.5 before being pressurized once. Aggregation of these 25–30 paired values produced single PV curves. Pinus banksiana, P. resinosa and Picea mariana, but not Pinus strobus, had lower full turgor osmotic potential, shallower slope of the linear segment of the PV curves and higher symplast fraction with the CM method. Data points along the linear segment of PV curves were obtained to lower R using the CM method. Reanalysis using similar R ranges eliminated differences between PV methods for Picea mariana but not Pinus banksiana and P. resinosa.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two methods of rehydrating red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) shoots for pressure-volume (PV) analysis were compared to clarify the effects of rehydration on estimated tissue water relations of shoots and fascicles. The commonly employed cut-shoot method was compared to rehydration by means of water uptake through the roots of intact plants. Cut-shoot rehydration and increased duration of rehydration significantly decreased estimates of tissue elasticity and relative water content at zero turgor for both shoots and fascicles. Rehydration of cut shoots for 2 days significantly increased the slope of the linear region of shoot pressure-volume (PV) curves and decreased estimates of the apoplastic water fraction. Changes in these and estimates of other water relations attributes were correlated with increased initial water content during rehydration. Estimated apoplastic water fraction was higher for needle fascicles than shoots despite the large amount of woody stem tissue contained in shoots. Fascicle water status strongly influenced shoot water relations, in part due to apparent apoplastic loading with water of fascicles during rehydration.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 76 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Winter hardening of first-year black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] seedlings was studied by assessing a number of morphological and physiological changes under three hardening regimes: 1) early removal (ER), in which seedlings were exposed to natural daylengths and low ambient temperatures outside. 2) extended greenhouse culture (EG), in which seedlings were exposed to natural daylengths and warm temperatures, and 3) short day (SD), in which seedlings were exposed to short daylengths and low ambient temperatures outside. Measurements included needle primordia initiation, embryonic shoot volume, terminal bud mitotic index, embryonic shoot average cell volume, and shoot tip frost hardiness. EG seedlings formed buds containing 4 times as many needle primordia as ER stock. Embryonic shoot volume increased with number of needle primordia initiated, until late in the hardening period, when significant reductions in meristem volumes of SD and EG stock were observed. Frost hardiness increased sooner in seedlings which set bud in response to short days, but SD treatment did not result in significantly greater frost hardiness at the end of the trial. Frost hardiness was correlated with mitotic index of the embryonic shoot. Cell size in the embryonic shoot declined in seedlings of all treatments during hardening, however, EG seedlings had significantly lower cell volumes by the end of the trial in comparison to ER and SD seedlings.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 92 (1992), S. 410-415 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Bud development ; Cell elasticity ; Osmotic potential ; Turgor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal variation in water relations of 3-yearold white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) shoots, monitored with pressure-volume curves over 28 months, was closely related to shoot phenology and was sensitive to environmental fluctuations during both summer growth and winter dormancy. Turgor maintenance capacity was lowest during rapid shoot elongation from late May to early July; this was indicated by the lowest total turgor pressures, the highest (least negative) osmotic potentials at full turgor and the turgor loss point, the smallest differences between osmotic potentials at full turgor and the turgor loss point, the highest relative water contents at turgor loss and a linear decline in cell elasticity with decreasing turgor pressure. This suggests that the high susceptibility of white spruce seedlings to growth check after transplanting is largely attributable to the poor turgor maintenance capacity of this species in early summer.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    New forests 7 (1993), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: bud initiation ; diffusate-conductivity method ; greenhouse production ; over-wintering ; photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Eastern larch (Larix laricina [du Roi] K. Koch) container seedlings were tested to determine shoot frost hardiness development under short or long days and warm (15 to 25 °C) or cool (10/5 °C, day/night) temperatures, to aid in the development of greenhouse hardening strategies. Seedlings were sampled sequentially over time (25 seedlings per week) from a population of 1000 trees. Frost hardiness increased significantly after one week of fluctuated over the next 6 weeks, and increased thereafter through week 14. Seven weeks of warm, intermittent short days, followed by 6 weeks of cool, continuous short days, resulted in greater frost hardiness than 13 weeks of warm, intermittent short days. In contrast, seedlings exposed to 7 weeks of warm, intermittent short days, followed by six weeks of warm, long days were significantly less frost hardy. Stems with needles attached had lower Index of Injury than stems without needles.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    New forests 1 (1987), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: plant moisture stress ; drying ; phytoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The antitranspirants Plantco, Cloudcover, Vapor Gard and Dow X2-1337 were effective in reducing water loss from black spruce container seedlings. Clearspray and Folicote were unable to reduce moisture loss. Toxicity symptoms and abnormal bud flushing were evident in Vapor Gard treated seedlings. Surfactants failed to increase the effectiveness of Vapor Gard at lower, non-toxic concentrations.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-02-01
    Description: Reduced levels of root activity were associated with winter injury to shoots of 1-year-old black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) container seedlings.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Description: Greenhouse-grown black spruce and jack pine container seedlings were fertilized weekly with a 20–8–20 fertilizer at four concentrations during the fall. Seedlings were sampled when 23 weeks old towards the end of the greenhouse cultural period to determine the effect of fertilization on the free amino acid concentrations. All amino acids, except tryptophan, showed significant increases in concentration with higher levels of fertilizer; the concentration of tryptophan decreased with increasing fertilizer concentration. Amino acids with the highest concentrations in black spruce were arginine, glutamic acid, and proline, while in jack pine, besides these three, aspartic acid and glutamine were also found in high concentrations. Black spruce had significantly higher amino acid concentrations than jack pine. The concentrations of certain free amino acids may be more sensitive indicators of seedling nitrogen status than total foliar nitrogen.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Description: To determine the effect of stage of bud development on heat tolerance, overwintered black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were (i) maintained in a dormant state, (ii) allowed to grow new shoots under favorable greenhouse conditions, or (iii) induced to initiate bud scales using short-photoperiod treatment following a period of new shoot elongation. Seedlings of the three shoot types were then exposed for 10 min to temperatures of 25, 42, 45, 50, or 55 °C in an environmental test chamber. Damage to the current-year shoot was lower in bud-initiated seedlings than in active seedlings, particularly at 42 °C, when 0 and 46%, respectively, of the length of the main shoot was damaged. The current-year shoot growth was much more sensitive to heat stress than the lignified first-year shoot, and therefore dormant seedlings, which had only first-year shoot growth, were most heat tolerant, showing damage only at 50 and 55 °C.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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