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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 1764-1770 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 235 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanobacterial guanidine alkaloid hepatotoxin and protein synthesis-inhibitor, was assayed for its effects on the germination of pollen from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN). Pollen germination, measured by Alcian Blue dye-binding, was inhibited by cylindrospermopsin between 5 and 1000 μg ml−1. As a protein synthesis-inhibitor, cylindrospermopsin did not inhibit pollen germination to the same extent as cycloheximide on a gravimetric basis, but significantly reduced the amount of 14C-(U)-l-leucine labelling in pollen tubes. The inhibition of tobacco pollen germination may be amenable for development as a bioassay for cylindrospermopsin, although this would require a pre-concentration step for the monitoring of environmental samples. Implications of these observations for current spray-irrigation practices are discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. (1403/2a) (Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa, Cambridge, UK) was grown in pure culture as described previously10. RuBP carboxylase activity, measured as RuBP-dependent 14CO2 incorporation into acid-stable material, and RuBP oxygenase activity, assayed as RuBP-dependent ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 84 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inhibition of photosynthesis by a range of organotin compounds in Plectonema boryanum was concentration-dependent and decreased in the order tributyltin (Bu3SnCl) 〉 tripropyltin (Pr3SnCl) ≥ dibutyltin (Bu2SnCl2) ≥ triphenyltin (Ph3SnCl) 〉 triethyltin (Et3SnCl) 〉 trimethyltin (Me3SnCl) 〉 monobutyltin (BuSnCl3). IC50 values were determined for the most toxic organotin species and varied from approximately 1.2 μM for Bu3SnCl to approximately 13 μM for Ph3SnCl. A similar order of inhibition of photosynthesis was observed in Anabaena cylindrica, although here IC50 values were slightly lower (e.g. approximately 1 μM for Bu3SnCl and 5 μM for Ph3SnCl).Nitrogenase activity was generally more sensitive to inhibition by organotin compounds than photosynthesis in A. cylindrica and this was particularlyy evident for Bu2SnCl2; approximate IC50 values for Bu2SnCl2 were 3 and 9 μM, as estimated by nitrogenase activity and photosynthesis, respectively. These results indicate that organotin compounds have the potential to inhibit cyanobacterial metabolism in aquatic systems.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 98 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation of cobalt, manganese and zinc by the algae Chlorella emersonii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus has been characterized under photoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic and chemoheterotrophic nutritional regimes. All three species accumulated smaller amounts of Co2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ under chemoheterotrophic and photoheterotrophic conditions than under photoautotrophic conditions except in the case of cobalt accumulation by C. reinhardtii where there was little difference in the amount of cobalt accumulated under any of the nutritional regimes. Decreased accumulation of the three metals by C. emersonii and C. reinhardtii largely resulted from a decrease in the initial biosorptive phase of uptake whereas the decrease in Mn2+ and Zn2+ accumulation by C. reinhardtii under chemoheterotrophic and photoheterotrophic conditions was due to a decrease in the slow energy-dependent phase of uptake.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 95 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of caesium uptake over a range of external Cs+ concentrations revealed that uptake was determined by a single transport system [Km approx. 0.25 mM; Vmax approx. 220 nmol Cs+ h−1 (109 cells)−1] in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. Linear inhibition of Cs+ uptake in the presence of elevated external concentrations of NH4+ (added as chloride) resulted in an increase in the Km and a decrease in the Vmax suggesting that NH4+ was a competitive/non-competitive inhibitor of Cs+ uptake. Cs+ uptake was markedly dependent on the nitrogen source supplied during growth of A. variabilis; maximal uptake was observed in nitrogen-fixing cells. Lowest levels of Cs+ uptake were observed in a mutant strain of A. variabilis which was deficient in NH4+ transport. These results suggest that Cs+ and NH4+ share a common transport mechanism in A. variabilis.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins commonly produced by bloom-forming genera of cyanobacteria. These toxins are potent and specific inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. We have optimised a rapid, simple and sensitive colorimetric protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay, utilising the activity of protein phosphatase 1 as expressed in a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli, towards the chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate. A standard curve for the inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by microcystin-LR was constructed with an IC50 of about 38 ng ml−1 and a limit of detection of 10–20 ng ml−1. Twenty-three laboratory-grown strains and 25 natural bloom samples of cyanobacteria were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for microcystins and by the protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay. Agreement for the microcystin contents of the samples detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and the protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay showed good correlation (R2 〉 0.93, P〈0.0001). The suitability of the colorimetric protein phosphatase 1 inhibition assay as a screen for cyanobacterial microcystins is discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 151 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The stability of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, nodularin, was determined during the incubation of purified toxin, and in nodularin-containing cell-free extracts and whole filaments of the nodularin-producer, Nodularia spumigena in sunlight and darkness. Levels of purified nodularin in aqueous solution remained approximately constant throughout the 9-day trials under all conditions, but decreased in cell-free extracts and whole filaments when incubated under all conditions, with losses being greatest in full sunlight, intermediate in sunlight minus ultraviolet wavelengths and lowest in continuous darkness. Photodegradation and detoxification in Artemia salina bioassays occurred when purified nodularin was irradiated with ultraviolet wavelengths using a laboratory lamp.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 184 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Low-cost, straightforward methods for the extraction of microcystins and nodularins from cyanobacterial cells were developed using a microwave oven and boiling waterbath. The use of organic solvents, such as methanol, which can interfere with sensitive analytical procedures, e.g. immunoassays, can thus be avoided. Analysis by protein phosphatase inhibition assay and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that purified microcystin-LR was unaffected by the microwave oven and boiling waterbath treatments. Four microcystins of differing hydrophobicities were successfully extracted from Microcystis PCC 7813 by both treatments at yields equivalent to those obtained by longer protocols using methanol. Assessment of the microwave oven and boiling waterbath extraction methods with laboratory strains and environmental samples of cyanobacteria showed good correlation with results from lyophilisation and methanol extraction, when extracts were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (R2≥0.92). The microwave and boiling waterbath extraction methods also sterilised the environmental bloom samples, as evidenced by the abolition of heterotrophic bacterial growth.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Immunoassays are increasingly used to investigate the production, properties and fates of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxic microcystins in vitro and in vivo. Responses of an ELISA immunoassay to microcystins have been determined using the authentic toxin antigen, microcystin-LR, and conjugation products between the toxin and glutathione, cysteine-glycine and cysteine. The antibodies against microcystin-LR crossreacted with the toxin conjugation products with similar affinities (96–112%) to that of microcystin-LR, when assayed at a concentration of 1 μg l−1. Toxicity assessment of the conjugates, in comparison to microcystin-LR, indicated a reduction according to mouse bioassay. In vitro protein phosphatase inhibition assay indicated that the conjugates possessed approximately 3–9-fold lower toxicity than microcystin-LR.
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