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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLIMATE CHANGE AND PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 37 (1999), S. 399-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Research on impacts of climate change on plant diseases has been limited, with most work concentrating on the effects of a single atmospheric constituent or meteorological variable on the host, pathogen, or the interaction of the two under controlled conditions. Results indicate that climate change could alter stages and rates of development of the pathogen, modify host resistance, and result in changes in the physiology of host-pathogen interactions. The most likely consequences are shifts in the geographical distribution of host and pathogen and altered crop losses, caused in part by changes in the efficacy of control strategies. Recent developments in experimental and modeling techniques offer considerable promise for developing an improved capability for climate change impact assessment and mitigation. Compared with major technological, environmental, and socioeconomic changes affecting agricultural production during the next century, climate change may be less important; it will, however, add another layer of complexity and uncertainty onto a system that is already exceedingly difficult to manage on a sustainable basis. Intensified research on climate change-related issues could result in improved understanding and management of plant diseases in the face of current and future climate extremes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.399
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantifying how climatic factors affect variation in plant disease severity: A general method using a new way to analyze meteorological data (1988)
    Springer
    Climatic change 12 (1988), S. 57-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A general method is presented for analyzing how climatic conditions affect plant disease severity. An example of its application is given for the analysis of stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) data on winter wheat cultivar Gaines and climatic data collected at Pullman, WA. for 1968–1986. A computer program WINDOW was written to identify the climatic factors most highly correlated with disease. This program is designed to utilize meteorological data for an entire growing season of a crop as well as to include climatic conditions preceding planting. This program uses an iterative process to examine variable-length segments of meteorological data in a more exhaustive analysis than previously possible. Climatic factors considered include: mean maximum, minimum, and average temperature; total and frequency of precipitation; consecutive days with and without precipitation; accumulation of negative and positive degree days; and number of days with extreme temperature events. Variables that were highly correlated with disease were the basis for regression models that were developed to predict disease severity index for each of the three cultivars. Two- and three-variable models explained, respectively, 75 and 76% of the variation in disease from year to year. Predictions (which could be made early enough in the growing season to allow application of chemical control) were evaluated on the basis of whether years with severe disease were accurately predicted. Models were validated using Allen's PRESS statistic and by application to new data. The method is potentially applicable to studies of how climatic conditions affect the populations or productivity of other types of organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140264
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate variability in the Pacific Northwest and its effect on stripe rust disease of winter wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Climatic change 2 (1979), S. 33-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) epidemics are confined predominantly to the Pacific Northwest in the U. S. A. because of climate. This disease was frequently reported until the late 1930's and then virtually absent until the late 1950's. Since the severe epidemic in 1961, stripe rust has been frequently severe on winter wheat and has caused losses in susceptible cultivars in many years. Because of the unusual history of stripe rust in this region, the possibility that climate variability affected the pattern of rust occurrence was investigated. Meteorological data for seven locations in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were analyzed. In 1961–1974 for the Columbia Basin locations, January and February temperatures averaged 1.20° C higher than during the period 1935–1960; however, April temperatures averaged 1.28° C lower in 1961–1974 than during the earlier period. Monthly precipitation averages have not varied more than 12.7 mm in any month. Between 1961–1974, December snowfall almost doubled over that in 1935–1960; snowfall in February decreased over 50% from the earlier period. Data was computed on a seasonal basis since 1901 and considered in respect to stripe rust epidemics. Since 1961, above-normal winter and below-normal spring temperatures have increased the frequency and severity of stripe rust epidemics in the Pacific Northwest. The direction of temperature and precipitation trends varied with the time period considered. How the climate variability which has occurred may have affected winter wheat growth and yields is postulated. Studies such as this should be useful to researchers modelling crop-yields, agronomists evaluating results from field experiments and to researchers studying fluctuations in pest populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limatic variables that control development of stripe rust disease on winter wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Climatic change 3 (1981), S. 303-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The frequency and severity of the stripe rust disease (caused by Puccinia striiformis) on winter wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. has increased since 1958 in association with climatic variation. From 1968–1979, rust intensities on ‘Gaines’ wheat were most highly correlated with accumulated negative degree days (NDD) between 1 December and 31 January and positive degree days (PDD) between 1 April and 30 June. NDD and PDD were calculated from a 7 °C base. Linear regression equations using NDD alone accounted for 76% of the variation in stripe rust. When NDD and PDD were combined, 88% of the variation in stripe rust was explained. When a growth index (GI), and NDD plus PDD were used as independent variables in a multiple regression analysis, 91% of the variation in disease was explained. Frequency of precipitation in June was correlated with stripe rust intensity, but when it was added to the multiple regression analysis, it explained less than an additional 1% of the variation. The relationships between NDD, PDD, and disease index help to explain why stripe rust was not severe from 1941 to 1957. Methods used in this research should be applicable to similar studies of the effect of climatic variation on other pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136674
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limatic variables that control development of stripe rust disease on winter wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Climatic change 3 (1981), S. 303-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The frequency and severity of the stripe rust disease (caused byPuccinia striiformis) on winter wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A. has increased since 1958 in association with climatic variation. From 1968–1979, rust intensities on ‘Gaines’ wheat were most highly correlated with accumulated negative degree days (NDD) between 1 December and 31 January and positive degree days (PDD) between 1 April and 30 June. NDD and PDD were calculated from a 7 °C base. Linear regression equations using NDD alone accounted for 76% of the variation in stripe rust. When NDD and PDD were combined, 88% of the variation in stripe rust was explained. When a growth index (GI), and NDD plus PDD were used as independent variables in a multiple regression analysis, 91% of the variation in disease was explained. Frequency of precipitation in June was correlated with stripe rust intensity, but when it was added to the multiple regression analysis, it explained less than an additional 1% of the variation. The relationships between NDD, PDD, and disease index help to explain why stripe rust was not severe from 1941 to 1957. Methods used in this research should be applicable to similar studies of the effect of climatic variation on other pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423221
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  • 6
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    Quantifying how climatic factors affect variation in plant disease severity: A general method using a new way to analyze meteorological data (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0165-0009
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1480
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Climate variability in the Pacific Northwest and its effect on stripe rust disease of winter wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0165-0009
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1480
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Limatic variables that control development of stripe rust disease on winter wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0165-0009
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1480
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    CLIMATE CHANGE AND PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT (1999)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-01
    Description: ▪ Abstract  Research on impacts of climate change on plant diseases has been limited, with most work concentrating on the effects of a single atmospheric constituent or meteorological variable on the host, pathogen, or the interaction of the two under controlled conditions. Results indicate that climate change could alter stages and rates of development of the pathogen, modify host resistance, and result in changes in the physiology of host-pathogen interactions. The most likely consequences are shifts in the geographical distribution of host and pathogen and altered crop losses, caused in part by changes in the efficacy of control strategies. Recent developments in experimental and modeling techniques offer considerable promise for developing an improved capability for climate change impact assessment and mitigation. Compared with major technological, environmental, and socioeconomic changes affecting agricultural production during the next century, climate change may be less important; it will, however, add another layer of complexity and uncertainty onto a system that is already exceedingly difficult to manage on a sustainable basis. Intensified research on climate change–related issues could result in improved understanding and management of plant diseases in the face of current and future climate extremes.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4286
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-2107
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Annual Reviews
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