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  • 1
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 14 strains of Campylobacter isolated from humans and birds were tested for adhesion on intestine cell line. All the strains showed quick adhesion which was inhibited by l-fucose (6-deoxy-l-galactopyranose), among the sugars and lectins used in the adhesion inhibition assay. Inhibition was a function of l-fucose concentration and was not complete, suggesting that beside l-fucose other receptors—or nonspecific interactions—may cooperate in the cell binding by Campylobacter.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the interactions between a strain of Borrelia burgdorferi and phagocytic cells, measured in whole blood, by a two-color flow cytometric method, which allowed the simultaneous quantification of both the phagocytosis rate and the oxidative burst activation. The data obtained indicated that: a) phagocytosis and metabolic activation increased as a function of spirochete concentration; b) the number of ingesting cells peaked within 10 min but activation followed later, and did not involve all the phagocytosing cells; c) opsonization of borreliae with a patient's serum enhanced the two cellular activities, mostly phagocytosis. The intensity of such functions was lower than those found for Staphylococcus aureus. The flow cytometric assay of phagocytosis interactions with Borrelia burgdorferi assessed in whole blood represents an experimental approach which simulates the physiological conditions in nature.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Decorin binding proteins DbpA and DbpB act as Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) adhesins to decorin, and are able to elicit a persistent antibody response in the mouse; accordingly DbpA protein would seem to be promising in immunoprofilaxis of Lyme borreliosis (LB). This study examines the distribution of Dbp epitopes in European strains of B. burgdorferi, of different genospecies and the presence of antibodies to Dbps in human sera from patients suffering from early and late LB, as revealed by immunoblotting. Different levels of expression of Dbp epitopes were found both among and within genospecies; data from human sera indicate that Dbps are expressed during infection though not as strongly as in the mouse infection.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 148 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sets of primers specific for both pathogenic (SPL) and saprophytic (SSL) Leptospira were designed from ribosomal 16S genes (rrs) available in databases. They were used as two sets of primer pairs for the PCR amplification of known pathogenic and saprophytic strains. It was possible to identify pathogenic strains by the use of SPL primers and saprophytic ones by SSL primers. Serovars from L. meyeri, of controversial pathogenicity status, confirmed the heterogeneity of the species representatives in this respect. Serovars ranarum, sofia and perameles were amplified by SPL and not SSL. Conversely, serovar semaranga was amplified by SSL and not SPL. In order to use SPL primers for the detection of pathogenic leptospires from a natural water environment, we set up an additional semi-nested PCR by employing a second internal primer which succeeded in detecting as few as 5 pathogenic leptospires per ml of water.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This survey evaluates the specificity of band patterns in immunoblot of sera taken from clinically defined cases of Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis, towards three locally isolated strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, belonging to the three species: Borrelia sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii. To assess specificity, patient sera were statistically (χ2, P ≤ 0.05) compared with blood donors sera samples. Both IgG and IgM antibodies were considered. The overall reactivity of the three Borrelia strains in IgG immunoblots indicated that ten protein bands were significant, with a different prevalence of some of them in the two groups of patient sera: bands at 60-58, 30–33, 36–37 and 28-27 kDa were markers for neuroborreliosis sera; proteins at 100-83, 72-70 and 18-17 kDa behaved like markers for Lyme arthritis. The IgM Immunoblots revealed significant bands at 100-83, 72-70, 51, 24-21 and 18-17 kDa only with neuroborreliosis sera. Though there were variable band reactivities in each strain, a correlation emerged between the three genospecies and the clinical symptoms: in fact B. afzelii and B. garinii were prevalent in Lyme arthritis sera, (IgG Immunoblots); B. garinii was associated to neuroborreliosis (IgG and IgM Immunoblots); B. sensu stricto was strongly reactive with neuroborreliosis in IgM immunoblots. These data indicate that the three locally isolated strains of Borrelia representing the three genospecies should be used together in immunoblot to detect antibodies elicited in neuroborreliosis and Lyme arthritis.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 12 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This survey evaluates the antibody band patterns of sera taken from clinically defined cases of Lyme borreliosis, towards three locally isolated strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, belonging to the three species: Borrelia sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, by means of Western blot. The sera were taken from patients resident in a limited area of Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region. The data indicated that, besides a different feature of the band reactivity which correlated to the different stages of Lyme borreliosis, there was a preferential reactivity to the species Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. An immunodominant band at 51 kDa, corresponding to a protein visible in the electrophoretic profile of strain BL3 (B. afzelii), behaved like a marker of an early infection, because it was present exclusively in the sera of patient with ECM. The overall findings would indicate that B. afzelii and B. garinii are the prevalent genospecies in the FVG area, even if strains belonging to B. sensu stricto have been also isolated in this area. Consequently strains representative of these two species must be used as antigens in Western blot.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 92 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This investigation was undertaken to select antigenic variants of a Borrelia burgdorferi strain in vitro. The original strain BITS was cultivated in BSK medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of homologous hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits. After a few serial passages starting from a subinhibitory serum dilution of 1:800 in BSK up to 1:200, a variant named BITSv was obtained; it grew abundantly like the control culture in the presence of hyperimmune serum. Analysis of the antigenic pattern of the original and derived variants by Western blotting revealed that BITSv, compared to the original strain BITS, had lost the reactivity with the immune serum at the level of the oligosaccharide moiety. These experiments, designed to mimic the possible action of antibodies that arise during a Borrelia infection, suggest that lipopolysaccharides are surface located and that they play a role in the integrity of the outer membrane during the multiplication of Borrelia burgdorferi.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Serum samples from patients infected by organisms of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis were tested by Western blot to determine the nature of major antigens that are involved in the immune response. Although there was some patient-to-patient variability, immunodominant genus-specific antigens were found to be proteins of apparent molecular ratio 68, 46 and 35-kDa, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sub-units in the 35-14-kDa region. Serogroup epitopes specific for Australis were exclusively saccharides of about 32 and 24 kDa: a serovar-specific antigen for serovar lora was of 38–40 kDa and behaved like a protein. Antibodies to the LPS serogroup-specific antigens and to the 38–40 kDa protein were long-lasting and consequently suggest that these immunodominant epitopes are important in resistance to re-infection.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 76 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SDS-PAGE and Western immunoblot profiles have been determined for different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi. Major proteins of 60 kDa, 41 kDa corresponding to flagellin, 34–36 kDa and 30–31 kDa corresponding to OspB and OspA respectively, and 18–20 kDa corresponding to ‘pC’ fractions were detected. A “rough” lipopolysaccharide which we called lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of 8–11 kDa appeared to be present, being detected by specific silver staining, as in crude Borrelia lysates as in proteinase K digested Borrelia strains, quite similar in shape among the different strains examined. The LOS reacted in Western blotting with immune anti-B. burgdorferi rabbit serum and also with sera collected from humans affected by Lyne borreliosis. The LOS did not react with sera positive for syphilis or leptospirosis, and their immunological specificity is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 47 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Leptospira interrogans was isolated from a patient suffering from leptospirosis and was typed by the Gross Agglutination Absorption test using monoclonal antibodies prepared against different serovars of the Australis serogroup. This newly isolated strain belonged to serovar bratislava. It is the first reported isolation from man, in Italy, of Leptospira bratislava, thus supporting the emerging role of this serovar in human leptospirosis.
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