ALBERT

Description: We aim to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the eco-physiological processes in Larix decidua and Pinus mugo var. uncinata growing on north- and south-facing aspects in the Swiss National Park in order to distinguish the short- and long-term effects of a changing climate. To strengthen the interpretation of the 18 O signal in tree rings and its coherence with the main factors and processes driving evaporative 18 O needle water enrichment, we analyzed the 18 O in needle, xylem and soil water over the growing season in 2013 and applied the mechanistic Craig–Gordon model (1965) for the short-term responses. We found that 18 O needle water strongly reflected the variability of relative humidity mainly for larch, while only 18 O in pine xylem water showed a strong link to 18 O in precipitation. Larger differences in offsets between modeled and measured 18 O needle water for both species from the south-facing aspects were detected, which could be explained by the high transpiration rates. Different soil water and needle water responses for the two species indicate different water-use strategies, further modulated by the site conditions. To reveal the long-term physiological response of the studied trees to recent and past climate changes, we analyzed 13 C and 18 O in wood chronologies from 1900 to 2013. Summer temperatures as well as summer and annual amount of precipitations are important factors for growth of both studied species from both aspects. However, mountain pine trees reduced sensitivity to temperature changes, while precipitation changes come to play an important role for the period from 1980 to 2013. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) calculated for larch trees since the 1990s reached a saturation point at elevated CO 2 . Divergent trends between pine WUEi and 18 O are most likely indicative of a decline of mountain pine trees and are also reflected in decoupling mechanisms in the isotope signals between needles and tree-rings.