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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-09-26
    Description: We evaluate the mean circulation patterns, water mass distributions, and tropical dynamics of the North and Equatorial Pacific Ocean based on a suite of global ocean-sea ice simulations driven by the CORE-II atmospheric forcing from 1963-2007. The first three moments (mean, standard deviation and skewness) of sea surface height and surface temperature variability are assessed against observations. Large discrepancies are found in the variance and skewness of sea surface height and in the skewness of sea surface temperature. Comparing with the observation, most models underestimate the Kuroshio transport in the Asian Marginal seas due to the missing influence of the unresolved western boundary current and meso-scale eddies. In terms of the Mixed Layer Depths (MLDs) in the North Pacific, the two observed maxima associated with Subtropical Mode Water and Central Mode Water formation coalesce into a large pool of deep MLDs in all participating models, but another local maximum associated with the formation of Eastern Subtropical Mode Water can be found in all models with different magnitudes. The main model bias of deep MLDs results from excessive Subtropical Mode Water formation due to inaccurate representation of the Kuroshio separation and of the associated excessively warm and salty Kuroshio water. Further water mass analysis shows that the North Pacific Intermediate Water can penetrate southward in most models, but its distribution greatly varies among models depending not only on grid resolution and vertical coordinate but also on the model dynamics. All simulations show overall similar large scale tropical current system, but with differences in the structures of the Equatorial Undercurrent. We also confirm the key role of the meridional gradient of the wind stress curl in driving the equatorial transport, leading to a generally weak North Equatorial Counter Current in all models due to inaccurate CORE-II equatorial wind fields. Most models show a larger interior transport of Pacific subtropical cells than the observation due to the overestimated transport in the Northern Hemisphere likely resulting from the deep pycnocline.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 17 (1969), S. 1316-1317 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Pacific economic review 2 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In applying the rational expectations hypothesis to generate expectations in an econometric model it is assumed that (1) the model itself is capable of generating reasonable forecasts of all required expectations variables included in the model, and that (2) the economic agents whose behavior is being modeled act as if they form their psychological expectations as conditional mathematical expectations generated by the model. Both assumptions can be invalid, as demonstrated by the historical data on Hong Kong stock prices and by the successful application of the adaptive expectations hypothesis to explain panel data of prices of individual stocks and aggregate time series data on stock price indices of the United States and of Hong Kong.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 502-502 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 2185-2190 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The power reflection coefficient for D(H), DT(3He), and D (3He) ion cyclotron heating is found in closed form. The fast wave equation previously solved numerically is solved by a slowly varying amplitude expansion about the Budden equation asymptotics. The coupling between the fast Alfvén wave and the ion Bernstein wave is described by this formalism. The dissipation associated with the ion cyclotron resonance is accounted for by the slow variation. Validity criteria for this method are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 2018-2026 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conditions are determined under which the damping of the fast Alfvén wave, used in the heating of tokamak plasmas, can be described by the geometrical optics approximations. Also, for these conditions, an analytic formula is derived, which explicitly determines the amount of energy that is damped onto the plasma particles by the fast wave. The conditions for the validity of the geometrical optics approximations cover a wide range of k(parallel)'s (the component of the wave vector parallel to the total magnetic field). There is a narrow range of k(parallel)'s over which this is not valid; this is the regime where mode conversion is dominant. The results from this theory are in good agreement with those obtained from numerical solutions of fourth- and sixth-order differential equations that are commonly used to describe this type of heating. However, this theory has a distinct advantage of lending itself to detailed scaling studies as explicit expressions for the damping of the fast Alfvén wave are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1089-1091 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fourth-order dispersion relation for D(3He) obtained from a straightforward small k⊥ρD expansion does not properly reproduce the exact kinetic dispersion relation near ion–ion hybrid resonance. It is shown that, in general, whenever the majority is not resonant the expanded dispersion relation may break down. A method to obtain a correct approximate fourth-order dispersion relation has been developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 13 (1974), S. 447-452 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 9 (1970), S. 445-450 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 13 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) kept in 15 ppt sea water (roughly iso-osmotic salinity) had higher growth rates than fish kept in 0 ppt (freshwater) or 30 ppt seawater, but circulating level of growth hormone was highest in fish exhibiting the poorest growth rate (30 ppt seawater). Serum thyroxine concentration was highest in 15 ppt seawater. Intestinal trypsin may play a role in promoting growth in iso-osmotic salinity since its activity was highest in fish cultured in 15 ppt seawater. The results indicate that changes in the digestive power, coupled with changes in thyroxine secretion, may account for the variations in growth rate in tilapia reared under different salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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