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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host Density as a Factor in Plant Disease Ecology (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 20 (1982), S. 143-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.20.090182.001043
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifungal Activity of Cylindrocarpon radicicola Wr. (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 406-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The accidental contamination of plate culture of this fungus by Aspergillus niger revealed that the Cylindrocarpon was strongly antagonistic towards this species. Mycelial extension of A. niger was inhibited in the proximity of the Cylindrocarpon colony. Microscopic examination showed abnormal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/195406a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Particulate Inoculum for Non-Sporing Fungi (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ludwig, Clark, Julien and Robinson1 have investigated the suitability of various inocula for the production of a uniform soil infestation and they concluded that a sand-cornmeal inoculum was the best. They attributed its suitability to: (1) the adequate nutrient base; (2) the small particle size of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/195093a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on a native Australian eucalypt forest invaded by exotic pines (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 59 (1983), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pinus radiata is spreading from plantations into some types of native eucalypt forest. A broad transect through one heavily invaded site was mapped in 1974 and re-examined after intervals of time. In 1977 the adjacent pine plantation was clear-felled for commercial purposes. By 1981 it was clear that the pines that had already invaded the eucalypt forest were contributing their own progeny to the mixed stand. However, the rate of recruitment is slow due to high seedling mortality. Comparative measurements have shown that during the period 1974–1981 the growth rate of pines established among the eucalypts was approximately ten times greater than that of the native trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378843
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies on a native Australian eucalypt forest invaded by exotic pines (1977)
    Springer
    Oecologia 31 (1977), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In some parts of Australia, the exotic tree species Pinus radiata is invading native eucalypt forests from adjacent plantations. At one site, measurements have been made in order to determine the dispersal gradient and rate of population increase of the self-sown pines. From these, it is evident that, barring further human interference, a new type of mixed forest community will develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348703
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled environment experiments on epidemic rates of barley mildew in different mixtures of barley and wheat (1977)
    Springer
    Oecologia 28 (1977), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Controlled environment experiments on small epidemics of powdery mildew in mixtures of barley and wheat indicated that there was a relationship between the density of susceptible host units in the mixture and the rate of increase of disease within the stand best described by the equation: -r m =r s +clog e m; where r m and r s are epidemic rates in a mixture and a susceptible monoculture of the same overall stand density, m is the proportion of host plants in the mixture, and c is a constant. By the use of appropriate controls, it was shown that most of the reduction in epidemic rates in mixtures was attributable to the reduction in density of susceptible host units. Interception of air-borne inoculum by immune plants played a relatively minor role, although extrapolation of the results suggests that this factor might become significant if there was a sufficiently high proportion of immune to susceptible plants present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345249
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of clumped planting patterns on epidemics of damping-off disease in cress seedlings (1976)
    Springer
    Oecologia 23 (1976), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Environmentally controlled experiments on damping-off disease of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) caused by Pythium irregulare were used to study the effect of clumped planting patterns upon epidemic rates. In clumped stands of seedlings the rate of multiplication of disease was, in general, slower than in unclumped, evenly spaced stands of the same overall density. When the number of clumps per unit area was varied, but the proportion of the total area occupied by clumps kept constant, there was no significant change in the rate of linear advance of the disease between different treatments, but the multiplication rate in randomly inoculated plots was higher at 100 clumps/m2 than 200 clumps/m2 due to an unexpected interaction between the multiplication rate and the distribution of primary disease foci. When the area occupied by clumps was varied, but the number of clumps per unit area and the overall plant density were kept constant, both the multiplication rate and the rate of linear advance of the disease were significantly reduced in the stands with the most condensed clumps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled environment experiments on epidemics of barley mildew in different density host stands (1976)
    Springer
    Oecologia 26 (1976), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Controlled environment experiments on small epidemics of powdery mildew of barley, an air-borne disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, indicated that there was a direct linear relationship between host density and the rate of increase of disease within populations. Under the particular experimental conditions used, the overall infection rate was almost doubled (from 0.39 to 0.75 per unit per day) following an increase in density from 31 to 115 host units per m2. In separate experiments these overall epidemic rates were partitioned into two separate components related to inoculum transmission between plants and inoculum transmission within plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345653
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demographic changes and the development of competition in a native Australian eucalypt forest invaded by exotic pines (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 97 (1994), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Competition ; Demography Growth rates ; Invasion ; Nearest neighbour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data from the second half of a 14-year study of a eucalypt dry sclerophyll forest invaded by Pinus radiata D. Don shows further progress in the development of a mixed eucalypt-pine stand. Earlier (Chilvers and Burdon 1983) it was clear that pines invading from an adjacent commercial plantation were starting to contribute their own progeny to the mixed stand. Initially the recruitment of established pines (〉 1 m high) from these seedlings was very slow. However, since 1984, increasing numbers of seedlings have survived beyond their first year, suggesting the possibility of another wave of successful establishment in the near future. The established fraction of the pine population continued to grow rapidly and incurred no mortality. Many of these plants have now emerged through the top of the eucalypt canopy. In contrast, both juvenile and adult eucalypt numbers continued to decline. Despite these demographic and visual changes, comparative analysis of the growth of established pines over two consecutive 7-year periods (1974–1981; 1981–1988) showed that competition between neighbouring plants, especially pines, is beginning to affect individual growth rates. Growth rates of pines having other pines as nearest neighbours declined 40% between 1974–1981 and 1981–1988, while that of pines with eucalypts as nearest neighbours fell by 28%. In pine-pine nearest neighbour (NN) pairs, growth rates were significantly affected by the size (diameter) of the nearest neighbour. In pine-eucalypt NN pairs growth rates of the pines were not affected by the size of the eucalypt, but these were significantly negatively correlated with the inverse of the distance to the eucalypt. More broad-based assessment of 43 pines showed a significant relationship between their growth rates and the summed competitive effect of other pines within a 5-m radius. No such relationship was found between growth rate and the summed competitive effect of eucalypts in the 5-m zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317334
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm managed in an organic manner than on a conventional neighbour (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 160 (1994), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: organic agriculture ; phosphorus ; rock phosphate ; VA-mycorrhizas ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Levels of colonisation by vesicular-arbuscular (VA)-mycorrhizal fungi were compared between adjacent farms, one operated in a conventional manner and the other run according to organic farming principles. Wheat grown on the organic farm was found to have VA-mycorrhizal colonisation levels consistently 2 to 3 times higher than wheat on the conventional farm. Glasshouse and field trials indicated that the lower colonisation levels on the conventional farm were due to continual use of fertiliser containing soluble phosphorus (P). The fertiliser appeared to have an immediate negative effect on the rate of colonisation, and also appeared to have a long term negative effect through maintaining higher levels of soluble P in the soil, and by decreasing inoculum levels. Use of the relatively insoluble reactive rock phosphate fertiliser on the organic farm did not decrease levels of VA-mycorrhizas. Colonisation levels did not vary between wheat varieties, and herbicides and seed dressings were also not found to be having any significant effect on levels of colonisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150343
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