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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1902-1906 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The zinc concentration measured after organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) growth on (100)-oriented GaAs at 700 °C has been compared to the zinc concentration measured after in-diffusion under near-equilibrium conditions. During diffusion, the concentration of Zn 20 nm below the surface was found to vary with P1/2Zn, as expected for bulk solid–vapor equilibrium. During growth, the concentration of Zn varied linearly with PZn up to a maximum value which was found to correspond to the solubility limit set by second phase formation, e.g., growth of Zn3As2. Although large differences were observed between the results of the two experiments when using nominally identical ambient conditions, all of the results are consistent with a thermodynamic model in which the Fermi level at the surface is pinned approximately 200 meV below the intrinsic Fermi level. Typical OMVPE growth conditions appear to give a bulk zinc concentration which is supersaturated relative to the ambient partial pressures used, and to enhance the diffusion of Zn into the substrate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2479-2485 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low (keV) and high (MeV) energy Al and B implants were performed into n-type 6H- and 3C-SiC at both room temperature and 850 °C. The material was annealed at 1100, 1200, or 1400 °C for 10 min and characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering (RBS), photoluminescence, Hall and capacitance-voltage measurement techniques. For both Al and B implants, the implant species was gettered at 0.7 Rp (where Rp is the projected range) in samples implanted at 850 °C and annealed at 1400 °C. In the samples that were amorphized by the room temperature implantation, a distinct damage peak remained in the RBS spectrum even after 1400 °C annealing. For the samples implanted at 850 °C, which were not amorphized, the damage peak disappeared after 1400 °C annealing. P-type conduction is observed only in samples implanted by Al at 850 °C and annealed at 1400 °C in Ar, with 1% dopant electrical activation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1402-1404 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zn diffusivity, DZn in heavily doped pnpn GaAs structures has been measured after growth and annealing. During growth at 650 °C, DZn∼10−12 cm2/s in the buried p-type layer is found to be (approximately-greater-than)104×DZn in the top p-type layer. During annealing at 800 °C, DZn≈5×10−14 cm2/s in the buried layer remains orders of magnitude larger than DZn in the top layer. The measurements provide clear experimental evidence that (1) a large flux of Ga interstitials, IGa, is injected from the surface during the growth of n-type layers, (2) the IGa are trapped in the buried p-type layer by the electric field of the pn junctions, and are thus positively charged, (3) the resulting large concentration of IGa in the buried layer accounts for the enhanced DZn via a kick-out mechanism, and (4) the mobile Zn interstitial is positively charged. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2025-2027 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low energy and low dose B+-implanted Si has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Czochralski-grown (100) Si wafers were implanted with 4 keV B+ to a dose of 1×1014/cm2. Subsequently, anneals were performed between 700 and 800 °C for times between 15 s and 8 h in an ambient atmosphere of N2. SIMS results show transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of the boron that saturates in less than 15 min for all annealing temperatures studied. TED results in an increase in the junction depth by at least 60 nm at a 1×1016/cm3 concentration. TEM studies show that, even for the shortest times before TED is observed, {311} defects are not detected. These results imply that there may be more than one source of interstitials for TED. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2672-2674 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transient enhanced diffusion of boron in preamorphized and subsequently regrown Si was studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparison of 4 keV, 1× 1014/cm2 boron implants into crystalline and Ge+ preamorphized silicon was undertaken. Upon annealing the B+ implant into crystalline material exhibited the well-known transient enhanced diffusion (TED). In this case the peak of the boron distribution was relatively immobile and only B in the tail showed TED. In the second set of samples, the surface was first preamorphized by a 180 keV, 1×1015/cm2 Ge+ implant which produced an amorphous layer 2300 A(ring) deep, which then was implanted with boron. After implantation the tail of the B distribution extended to only 700 A(ring). Upon annealing, TED of the boron in the regrown Si was also observed, but the diffusion profile was very different. In this case the peak showed no clustering, so the entire profile diffused. The time for the TED to decay was around 15 min at 800 °C. TEM results indicate that the (311) defects in the end of range damage finish dissolving between 10 and 60 min at 800 °C. These results indicate that for these Ge preamorphization conditions, not only do the end of range defects not block the flow of interstitials into the regrown silicon, the (311) defects in the end of range damage act as the source of interstitials. In addition, boron does not appear to cluster in regrown silicon. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 271 (1978), S. 357-358 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In a 15-min pulse-labelling experiment, a 5.1-fold increase in the rate of 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA was observed in wheat embryos germinated for 40 min-5.5 h (Table 1, experiment 1). When incorporation data were corrected by adjusting for the specific activity of the UTP, there was a ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 277 (1979), S. 66-67 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Isolated wheat embryos (100 u,g) were germinated for 3 h in the presence or absence of a -amamtin Rlbosomes were isolated as described by Spiegel et al5 Four A26o units of nbosomes were separated on a 17-42% linear sucrose gradient with a 0 5 ml sucrose (1 8 M) pad in a Beckman SW 50 1 rotor ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1994), S. 1524-1527 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 5715-5729 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation has been undertaken of the stress distributions in high-performance polyethylene fibres bridging cracks in model epoxy composites. The axial fibre stress has been determined from stress-induced Raman band shifts and the effect of fibre surface treatment has been followed using untreated and plasma-treated polyethylene fibres. It is found that when the specimen is cracked, the fibres do not break and stress is transmitted from the matrix to the fibre across the fibre/matrix interface. A debond propagates along the fibre/matrix interface accompanied by friction along the debonded interface. The axial stress distributions in the fibres can be analysed using a partial-debonding model based upon shear-lag theory and it is found that the maximum interfacial shear stress at the bond/debond transition is a function of the debond length. The debonding process has been modelled successfully in terms of the interfacial fracture energy-based criterion developed by Hsueh for the propagation of a debond along a fibre/matrix interface accompanied by constant friction along the interface.
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