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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 242 (1973), S. 559-560 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Acupuncture analgesia can sometimes be considered as an alternative to drugs, but it cannot be considered as a universal replacement. There are certain cases, however, where acupuncture analgesia is better than drugs and this technique needs to be developed further in order to assess its true ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindles ; Outer capsule ; Inner capsule ; Capsule cell processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Duck muscle spindles show a large outer capsule enclosing a number of intrafusal muscle fibres which are individually encircled by an inner capsule. The outer capsule consists of a multilayer of 4–6 flattened cells with elongated nuclei, and are usually lined by a basement membrane. They resemble and are linked with perineural cells of the nerve bundle that innervates the spindle. There is overlapping and interdigitation between branching processes of these cells. Some apposing surfaces develop junctional complexes in the form of hemi-desmosomes and desmosomes. The cytoplasmic content shows numerous pinocytotic vesicles, some polyribosomes, lamellated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and microfilaments. The inner capsule consists of cells showing, at the mid-equatorial region, a large ovoid nucleus and extensive branching of thin and long processes that overlap, forming numerous layers around each intrafusal muscle fibre. Bundles of collagen fibrils in a crescentshaped configuration occur circumferentially between the multilayer of processes and the muscle fibre. Some linkages between the inner and the outer capsule cell processes provide a network that subdivides the large periaxial space into compartments. There is no basement material lining the inner capsule cells and the processes. Some cytoplasmic area occurs around the ovoid nucleus and the cytoplasm varies in density, showing some dilated short profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a few pinocytotic vesicles and microfilaments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 191 (1987), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serial transverse paraffin sections of intrafusal muscle fibers of spindles from the extensor pollicis and the extensor digitorum communis of ducks show that only one type of intrafusal muscle fiber exists, based on the mid-equatorial nucleation pattern, diameter, and length. Although the overall range in fiber diameter at the mid-equatorial region is between 4.2-20.0 μm, the average caliber is 10.4 ± 3.18 μm (S.D.) for spindles of the extensor pollicis and 9.3 ± 2.11 μm (S.D.) for spindles of the extensor digitorum communis muscles. The range in spindle length for the extensor pollicis is 290-2,090 μm, average 1,120 ± 569 μm (S.D.), and for the extensor digitorum communis 1,160-2,500 μm, average 1,745 ± 367 μm (S.D.). Therange in number of fibers per spindle for the extensor pollicis muscle is 5-12, average 8.2, and for the extensor digitorum muscle it is 1-11. In the extensor digitorum communis, there appear to be two groups, based on fiber number. Spindles of one group have a range of 5-11 fibers per spindle with an average of 7.2, whereas the second group has a range of 1-4 with an average of 2.7 fibers per spindle. The second group of spindles constitutes 52.5% of the 40 spindles studied, and of these 7.5% were monofibril spindles, 15.0% difibril, 17.5% trifibril, 12.5% quadrifibril spindles.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Wing-muscle spindle ; Capsule capillaries ; Periaxial space ; Intrafusal muscle fibre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood supply of duck muscle spindles from the extensor pollicis and the extensor digitorum comminis wing muscles has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Capillaries usually accompany the nerve bundle that innervates the spindle, approaching at an oblique angle around the midequatorial region. Capillaries may run for some distance along the surface of the outer capsule, or penetrate partially into the outer capsule and lie between layers of the capsule cell processes. Some capillaries also penetrate the outer capsule, running into the periaxial space and continuing further towards the polar region. They have been shown to be in close contact with intrafusal muscle fibres, from the juxta-equatorial to the polar region, but have not been encountered among sensory terminals in the mid-equatorial region.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Rare earth elements (REs) consist of a very important group in the periodic table that is vital to many modern technologies. The mining process, however, is extremely damaging to the environment, making them low yield and very expensive. Therefore, mimicking the properties of REs in a superatom framework is especially...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 1973-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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