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  • 1
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    Chapter Blockchain-BPMN Integrated Framework for Construction Management (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Implementing blockchain benefits various construction management processes, such as securing payments, enabling traceable design process, and enhancing information transparency in supply chain. However, blockchain implementation in construction is still in its infancy due to weak functionality of smart contracts, which are self-enforceable programs allowing iteration between external data and blockchain. In the context of construction management that embraces complex and dynamic business processes, smart contracts are currently designed based on specific and isolated functional requirements without considering the connection and execution logic between these functions. It leads to inefficient collaboration and even execution errors, thereby corrupting data quality and even causing business failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a Blockchain-BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) integrated (BBI) framework for construction management. The framework poses two contributions. First, a BPMN-driven method is developed to design smart contracts supporting executing linked and logically connected business activities. Second, an access control strategy is integrated into smart contracts to safeguard the accessibility of sensitive business data in a blockchain environment. The BBI framework is validated in an actual BIM design collaboration scenario, and results show its feasibility and computational performance are acceptable. Several aspects for improvement and future directions are discussed in the end
    Keywords: Smart contract ; Blockchain ; BPMN ; Construction business process ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter Early Detection and Reconstruction of Abnormal Data Using Hybrid VAE-LSTM Framework (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction in sensor data provided by building ventilation control systems are critical for public health. Early detection of abnormal data can help prevent failures in crucial components of ventilation systems, which can result in a variety of issues, from energy wastage to catastrophic outcomes. However, conventional fault detection models ignore valuable features of dynamic fluctuations in indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements and early warning signals of faulty sensor data. This study introduces a hybrid framework for early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction applying variance analysis and variational autoencoders (VAE) coupled with the long short-term memory network (VAE-LSTM). The periodicity and stable fluctuation of IAQ data are exploited by variance analysis to detect unusual variations before failure occurs. The IAQ dataset which is corrupted by introducing complete failure, bias failure and precision degradation fault is then used to verify the feasibility of the VAE-LSTM model. The results of variance analysis reveal that unusual behavior of the data can be detected as early as 12 hours before failure occurs. The reconstruction performance of the developed method is shown to be superior to other methods under different abnormal data scenarios
    Keywords: Early failure detection ; Abnormal data reconstruction ; Variational autoencoder (VAE) ; Long short-term memory network (LSTM) ; Sustainable IAQ management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Fast and Secure BIM Design Using Blockchain: An Example of Makeshift Hospital Project for COVID-19 Treatment in Hong Kong (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: A crucial action of COVID-19 combat is the quick design and building of makeshift hospitals (MHs). Although adopting building information modeling (BIM) promotes the digitalization and communication of design collaboration, data security vulnerabilities (e.g., lacking traceability and transparency) are detected and have inevitably impeded the efficiency and productivity of the MH project. Such problems often lead to rework and unnecessary disputes, wasting valuable time on projects requiring ultra-fast construction speed. The emerging blockchain technology offers an immutable and traceable collaboration environment. However, limited studies have integrated blockchain in the BIM design process, especially design in emergency projects like MH. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-enabled collaboration (BEC) framework for fast and secure BIM design. The framework is illustrated in an actual MH project in Hong Kong, and results show that: (1) it supports secure and automated BIM data exchange and (2) it saves 23 % of the time in a design coordination case
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; BIM ; Blockchain ; Makeshift Hospital ; Smart Contract ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Integrating ESG Factors into Construction Projects: A Blockchain-Based Data Management Approach (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has become increasingly significant in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. However, the AEC industry faces challenges such as non-uniform standards, complex information sources, and data security concerns when collecting and verifying ESG data. At the same time, as one of the key points of carbon emission in AEC projects, the ESG management of construction projects is still lacking. This paper proposed a blockchain-based ESG data management framework, which designed to address these challenges in the AEC industry. The framework and the smart contract and transaction data model applied in it realize data collection and information verification in construction projects. By leveraging blockchain technology's key features of transparency, immutability, and traceability, the framework ensures secure and efficient ESG data management. Additionally, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology enables access to original files for data verification and comparison, further enhancing authenticity. By integrating blockchain and IPFS technologies, our proposed solution enhances the reliability and traceability of ESG data in the construction projects, paving the way for more sustainable and transparent practices
    Keywords: AEC ; Blockchain ; Construction Project ; ESG ; IPFS ; Smart contract ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular ene reactions of 1,2-diallylcyclohexanes (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 45 (1980), S. 4511-4514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a053
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Nitro-κN)[2-(phenyldiazenyl-κN2)pyridine-κN](2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3N)ruthenium(II) tetrafluoroborateContribution No. 00 Au07. (2001)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 895-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Ru—N bond distances in the title complex, [Ru(NO2)(C11H9N3)(C15H11N3)]BF4 or [Ru(NO2)(tpy)(azpy)]BF4, [tpy is 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine and azpy is 2-(phenylazo)pyridine], are Ru—Npy 2.063 (4), Ru—Nazo 2.036 (4), Ru—Nnitro 2.066 (3) Å, and Ru—Ntpy 2.082 (4), 1.982 (3) and 2.074 (4) Å. The azo N atom is trans to the nitro group. The azo N=N bond length is 1.265 (5) Å, which is the shortest found in such complexes to date. This indicates a multiple bond between Ru and the N atom of the nitro group, and π-backbonding [dπ(Ru) \rightarrow π*(azo)] is decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270101007715
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An oxalato-bridged copper(II) complex (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. m263-m264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the coordination complex μ-oxalato-bis[(isocyanato-N)(tetramethylethylenediamine)copper(II)], [Cu2(NCO)2(C2O4)(C6H16N2)2], the CuII ions are five-coordinated. One CuII ion bridges to another centrosymmetry-related CuII ion through C2O42−, forming a plane with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.059 Å. The O—Cu—O angle is 79.33 (8)° and the Cu...Cu separation is 5.14 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801007814
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Potent Osteogenic Composite of Stem Cells – Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Enhanced the Posterior Spinal Fusion (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess a high replicative capacity and have the capacity to differentiate into various connective tissue cell types. With the advance in cell culture technique, the BMSCs have been induced to differentiate to osteoblastics linage. To improve the situation of non-union in posterior spinal fusion (PSF), tissue engineering approach to combine BMSCs supported by the calcium phosphate ceramics was applied in PSF and its effectwas investigated in the present study. Autologous BMSCs from 16-week-old rabbit tibiae were expanded and induced to differentiate into osteoblastic cells with defined medium and osteogenic supplement. Calcium phosphate ceramic (CPC) was used as the scaffold to deliver the cells to the standardized rabbit posterior spinal fusion model. The assessment of bone mineral and fusion mass volume was conducted at week 7 post-operation with quantitative computed tomography andmicro-computed tomography. When compared with control, the composite of BMSCs with CPC enhanced the fusion mass volume by 40% (p〈0.05) and bone mineral content in the CPC was 7% (p=0.05) higher. Our study showed that additional BMSCs at the fusion site of PSF did provide extra resource for new bone formation and enhanced the fusion rate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.288-289.39.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal and Spatial Expression Pattern of VEGF and VEGF Receptor in the Posterior Spinal Fusion with Allograft (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 491-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.288-289.491.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bio-Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Composite Augmented Bone Regeneration in Posterior Spinal Fusion (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 334-335 (Mar. 2007), p. 1201-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grafting of autologous iliac crest and decortication approach in posterior spinal fusionsurgery has been the “gold standard”. However, the limited source of autograft has promptedextensive research into bone substitute and biological enhancement of the fusion mass. In this study,the application of stem cell therapy by tissue engineering method was investigated to enhanceposterior spinal fusion with [removed info]-tricalcium phosphate ceramics in rabbit model. Rabbit bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells were aspirated from trochanter region of proximal femur. Themesenchymal stem cells were grown and directed to differentiate into osteogenic cells byosteogenic supplement (ascorbic acid, [removed info]-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone) in basal medium(10% FBS in DMEM). The osteogenic cells were seeded on tricalcium phosphate ceramics for oneday (MSC group, n=6). The cell-ceramics composite was implanted onto autologous L5 and L6transverse processes with decortication approach in posterior spinal fusion. The cell free ceramicsacts as control (Control group, n=6) and iliac crest autograft as positive control (Autograft group).The spinal segments were harvested at week 7 post-operation. Manual palpation was performedwith spinal segments to assess any movement of L5-L6 vertebral joint. The stiffness of the joint wasconsidered as solid fusion. The specimens then were fixed by formalin and transferred to 70%ethanol. The BMC and volume of fusion transverse processes of L5 and L6 was measured byperipheral quantitative computed tomography.In manual palpation, 50% solid fusion was found in MSC group, 60% in autograft group butnone in control group. Moreover, the BMC of L5 and L6 transverse processes in MSC group wasgreater than autograft and control group (45%, 40% respectively, p〈0.01). The volume of transverseprocesses in MSC group was greater than autograft by 45% (p〈0.01) and control group by 26%(p〈0.05). In conclusion, the mesenchymal stem cells derived osteogenic cells augmented spinalfusion and bone mineralization
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.334-335.1201.pdf
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