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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution and Water Resources Utilization of the Yangtze River (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Biotic communities. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Sustainability. ; Animal migration. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Environmental Management. ; Ecosystems. ; Water. ; Sustainability. ; Animal Migration. ; Evolutionary Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Hot topics of the Yangtze River -- Chapter 2. Evolution of the Yangtze River -- Chapter 3. Hydrologic characteristics of the Yangtze River -- Chapter 4. Ecosystem of the Yangtze River basin -- Chapter 5. Water resources utilization, floods and drought of the Yangtze River -- Chapter 6. Regulation, development and utilization of the Yangtze River -- Chapter 7. Ecological and environmental protection of the Yangtze River basin. 8. Comprehensive management of the Yangtze River basin -- Chapter 9.Future of the Yangtze River.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Yangtze River system and its water resources development and management. From the perspectives of geology, hydrology, zoology, ecology, it discusses the Yangtze River’s geological history and aquatic environments, analyses the endangered species along the river basin, and reviews the effects of human hydrolytic activities on its ecosystem. By studying the history of Yangtze River system and its water resources development, it provides insights into the effects of evolution and human activities on the ecosystem of its basin, and offers strategic thoughts on conservation and sustainable development of the Yangtze River. Written by an author with extensive experience in the field, this book is an invaluable reference resource for researchers interested in the Yangtze River.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVI, 468 p. 53 illus., 44 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811378720
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7872-0
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7872-0
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, Pages 2664-2681: The Estimation of Regional Crop Yield Using Ensemble-Based Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-26
    Description: To improve crop model performance for regional crop yield estimates, a new four-dimensional variational algorithm (POD4DVar) merging the Monte Carlo and proper orthogonal decomposition techniques was introduced to develop a data assimilation strategy using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Wheat model. Two winter wheat yield estimation procedures were conducted on a field plot and regional scale to test the feasibility and potential of the POD4DVar-based strategy. Winter wheat yield forecasts for the field plots showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.73, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 319 kg/ha, and a relative error (RE) of 3.49%. An acceptable yield at the regional scale was estimated with an R2 of 0.997, RMSE of 7346 tons, and RE of 3.81%. The POD4DVar-based strategy was more accurate and efficient than the EnKF-based strategy. In addition to crop yield, other critical crop variables such as the biomass, harvest index, evapotranspiration, and soil organic carbon may also be estimated. The present study thus introduces a promising approach for operationally monitoring regional crop growth and predicting yield. Successful application of this assimilation model at regional scales must focus on uncertainties derived from the crop model, model inputs, data assimilation algorithm, and assimilated observations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1040: A Novel Cloud Removal Method Based on IHOT and the Cloud Trajectories for Landsat Imagery (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-03
    Description: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1040: A Novel Cloud Removal Method Based on IHOT and the Cloud Trajectories for Landsat Imagery Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10071040 Authors: Shuli Chen Xuehong Chen Xiang Chen Jin Chen Xin Cao Miaogen Shen Wei Yang Xihong Cui Cloud removal is a prerequisite for the application of Landsat datasets, as such satellite images are invariably contaminated by clouds. Clouds affect the transmission of radiation signal to different degrees because of their different thicknesses, shapes, heights and distributions. Existing methods utilize pixel replacement to remove thick clouds and pixel correction techniques to rectify thin clouds in order to retain the land surface information in contaminated pixels. However, a major limitation of these methods refers to their deficiency in retrieving land surface reflectance when both thick clouds and thin clouds exist in the images, as the two types of clouds differ in the transmission of radiation signal. As most remotely sensed images show rather complex cloud contamination patterns, an efficient method to alleviate both thin and thick cloud effects is in need of development. To this end, the paper proposes a new method to rectify cloud contamination based on the cloud detection of iterative haze-optimized transformation (IHOT) and the cloud removal of cloud trajectory (IHOT-Trajectory). The cloud trajectory is able to take consideration of signal transmission for different levels of cloud contamination, which characterizes the spectral response of a certain type of land cover under increasing cloud thickness. Specifically, this method consists in four steps. First, the cloud thicknesses of contaminated pixels are estimated by the IHOT. Second, areas affected by cloud shadows are marked. Third, cloud trajectories are fitted with the aid of neighboring similar pixels under different cloud thickness. Last, contaminated areas are rectified according to the relationship between the land surface reflectance and the IHOT. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is able to effectively remove both the thin and thick clouds and erase the cloud shadows of Landsat images under different scenarios. In addition, the proposed method was compared with the dark object subtraction (DOS), the modified neighborhood similar pixel interpolator (MNSPI) and the multitemporal dictionary learning (MDL) methods. Quantitative assessments show that the IHOT-Trajectory method is superior to the other cloud removal methods overall. For specific spectral bands, the proposed method performs better than other methods in visible bands, whereas it does not necessarily perform better in infrared bands.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    Asymmetric responses of the end of growing season to daily maximum and minimum temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-13
    Description: Climate warming has delayed the end of the growing season (EOS) in temperate and cold ecosystems. However, it's unclear whether asymmetric warming (higher warming at night than during the day) has triggered different responses in the timing of EOS. Here, we used satellite-observed EOS of alpine vegetation to reveal its asymmetric responses to nighttime and daytime warming on the Tibetan Plateau. Increased preseason minimum temperature could postpone EOS by 7.92 day K −1 ( P 〈 0.01), probably by reducing low-temperature constraints on growth, whereas increased preseason maximum temperature could advance EOS by 3.57 day K −1 ( P 〈 0.05), likely due to the confounding effects of water limitations. The delaying effect of nighttime warming was stronger in more arid areas of the plateau, where daytime warming has a stronger advancing effect on EOS. Our results provide new insights into understanding and modeling autumn vegetation phenology on the Tibetan Plateau and grassland ecosystems in other temperate and cold regions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Aflatoxin B1 affects apoptosis and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in thymus and bursa of fabricius in broiler chickens (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-05
    Description: ABSTRACT Aflatoxin B 1 is known as a mycotoxin that develops various health problems of animals, the effects of AFB 1 on thymus and bursa of Fabricius in chickens are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptosis of thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broilers fed with AFB 1 . Two hundred Avian broilers were randomly divided into four groups of 50 each, namely control group and three AFB 1 groups fed with 0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.6 mg AFB 1 /kg diet, respectively. In this study, flow cytometer and immunohistochemical approaches were used to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. The results showed that consumption of AFB 1 diets results in increased percentage of apoptotic cells and increased expression of Caspase-3 in both thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The expression of Bax was increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in the thymus, but no significant changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression were observed in the bursa of Fabricius when broilers fed with AFB 1 . These findings suggest that adverse effects of AFB 1 on thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broilers were confirmed by increased apoptotic cells and abnormal expression of Caspase-3. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Marine magnetotellurics imaged no distinct plume beneath the Tristan da Cunha hotspot in the southern Atlantic Ocean (2017)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Tectonophysics, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 716, pp. 52-63, ISSN: 0040-1951
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-04
    Description: The Tristan da Cunha (TDC) is a volcanic island located above a prominent hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean. Many geological and geochemical evidences support a deep origin of the mantle material feeding the hotspot. However, the existence of a plume has not been confirmed as an anomalous structure in the mantle resolved by geophysical data because of lack of the observations in the area. Marine magnetotelluric and seismological observations were conducted in 2012–2013 to examine the upper mantle structure adjacent to TDC. The electrical conductivity structure of the upper mantle beneath the area was investigated in this study. Three-dimensional inversion analysis depicted a high conductive layer at ~ 120 km depth but no distinct plume-like vertical structure. The conductive layer is mostly flat independently on seafloor age and bulges upward beneath the lithospheric segment where the TDC islands are located compared to younger segment south of the TDC Fracture Zone, while the bathymetry is rather deeper than prediction for the northern segment. The apparent inconsistency between the absence of vertical structure in this study and geochemical evidences on deep origin materials suggests that either the upwelling is too small and/or weak to be resolved by the current data set or that the upwelling takes place elsewhere outside of the study area. Other observations suggest that 1) the conductivity of the upper mantle can be explained by the fact that the mantle above the high conductivity layer is depleted in volatiles as the result of partial melting beneath the spreading ridge, 2) the potential temperature of the segments north of the TDC Fracture Zone is lower than that of the southern segment at least during the past ~ 30 Myr.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Insight into the shallow lithosphere structure and magmatic plumbing system beneath the Tristan da Cunha hot spot from geophysical and petrological studies (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of Poland
    In:  EPIC32nd European Mantle Workshop, Wroclaw, Poland, 2015-08-25-2015-08-28Mineralogia - Special Papers, 43, p. 41, Mineralogical Society of Poland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: According to classical plume theory, the Tristan da Cunha plume is thought to have played a major role in the rifting of the South Atlantic margins and the creation of the aseismic Walvis Ridge by impinging at the base of the continental lithosphere shortly before or during the breakup of the South Atlantic margins. However, Tristan da Cunha is enigmatic as it cannot be clearly identified as a deep-rooted hot spot, but may instead be related to a more shallow feature in the mantle that could actually have been caused by the opening of the South Atlantic. The equivocal character of Tristan da Cunha is largely due to a lack of geophysical and petrological data in this region. We therefore staged a multi-disciplinary geophysical study of the region by acquiring passive marine electromagnetic and seismic data, and bathymetric data within the framework of the SPP1375 South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution (SAMPLE) funded by the German Science foundation. The experiment included two expeditions onboard the German R/V MARIA S. MERIAN in 2012 and 2013. In addition to the geophysical work, a landing party collected samples for petrological studies. In our contribution we present first results on the shallow lithosphere structure beneath the Tristan da Cunha archipelago derived from geophysical studies. These results are combined with results from thermobarometric analyses of basanitic/ankaramitic rocks that represent the main rock type on the island. The more evolved products of the eruption in 1962, (trachyandesites), were also studied to include the full range of magma compositions. Clinopyroxene-melt thermobarometry yielded crystallization pressures between 4 and 14 kbar, corresponding to depths of 12-42 km, whereby the youngest and most evolved rocks erupted from the shallowest depth. Olivine-, clinopyroxene-, and plagioclase-melt thermometry yielded magmatic temperatures of 1100° - 1320°C. The Moho below the archipelago is at approximately 11-12 km depth based on the receiver function method at two island stations and ocean-bottom seismometers. Therefore the petrologic depth estimates demonstrate that magmas erupted from a plumbing system in the uppermost mantle.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    The magmatic source of the Tristan da Cunha hotspot: Implication from electrical conductivity (2016)
    European Geosciences Union
    In:  EPIC3EGU General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 2016-04-17-2016-04-22Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 18, EGU2016-13420, European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: Tristan da Cunha Island is one of the classical hot spots in the Atlantic Ocean, situated at the western end of the aseismicWalvis Ridge which forms a connection to the Cretaceous Etendeka flood basalt province in northwestern Namibia. The discussion about its source (in shallow asthenosphere or deeper mantle) have not reached consensus yet because of lack of the geophysical observations in the area. A marine magnetotelluric (MT) experiment was conducted together with seismological observations in the area in 2012–2013 through a German-Japanese collaboration with the goal to constrain the physical state of the mantle beneath the area. A total of 26 MT seafloor stations were deployed around the Tristan da Cunha Islands and available data were retrieved and processed from 24 stations. We applied iterative topographic effect correction and one-dimensional (1-D) conductivity structure inversion to the data. Then, three-dimensional (3-D) inversion analysis incorporating the topographic effect was carried out, using the 1-D model as the initial model. The local small-scale topography and the far continental coast effects are incorporated as the distortion term in the 3-D inversion. The preliminary result of our analysis shows no evidence of a significant conductive anomaly arising from the mantle transition zone, suggesting that the current magmatic source (major place of melting) of the hotspot activity is in the shallow upper mantle. This is in contrast to results from geochemical analysis, in which samples along the Tristan track exhibit an ocean-island-basalt-type incompatible element pattern pointing to a deep mantle source of the melt. Our findings therefore might indicate that the deep mantle up-welling underneath Tristan da Cunha Islands may be almost dead. A conductive anomaly at approx. 100 km depth in our derived conductivity model to the southwest of Tristan da Cunha Islands suggests an interaction between the mid-ocean ridge and/or up-welling further south, e.g., beneath the Gough Island, which is the other termination of the Walvis Ridge and shows clearer geochemical evidence for a plume source.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
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    Marine magnetotellurics imaged no plume beneath the Tristan da Cunha hotspot in the southern Atlantic Ocean (2016)
    In:  EPIC3The 23rd Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth Workshop, Chiang Mai, 2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-03
    Description: The Tristan da Cunha (TDC) Islands is one of the hotspots in the Atlantic Ocean. The discussion whether its magmatic source is deep in the mantle or in the shallower asthenospheric mantle have not reached consensus yet because of lack of the geophysical observations in the area. The electrical conductivity structure of the upper mantle beneath the area was investigated in this study to provide an answer to this question. Marine magnetotelluric data were collected from 26 sites in 2012–2013. Three-dimensional inversion analysis depicted a high conductive layer at �120 km depth but no plume like vertical structure. The conductive layer is mostly flat independently on seafloor age and bulges upward beneath the older lithospheric segment where the TDC Islands are located compared to younger segment south of the TDC Fracture Zone. Bathymetric data on the other hand shows that the northern segment is deeper than prediction for a one-dimensional cooling model suggests. This bathymetric anomaly coincides with a more conductive asthenospheric mantle north of the TDC Fracture Zone. Apparent inconsistency between the absence of vertical structure in this study and geochemical evidences on deep origin materials suggests that either the upwelling is too small and/or weak to be resolved by the current data set or that the upwelling takes place elsewhere outside of the study area. Other observations suggest that 1) the conductivity of the upper mantle can be explained by the fact that the mantle above the high conductivity layer is depleted in volatiles as the result of partial melting beneath the spreading ridge, 2) the potential temperature of the segments north of the TDC Fracture Zone is lower than that of the southern segment at least during the past �30 Ma.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Topographic effect in marine magnetotelluric data and implications to the electrical conductivity structure of the mantle beneath the Tristan da Cunha hotspot area (2015)
    In:  EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 2015-12-14-2015-12-18
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-07
    Description: Tristan da Cunha Island is one of the hot spots in the Atlantic Ocean. The discussion about its source have not reached consensus yet whether it is in shallow asthenosphere or deeper mantle, because of lack of the geophysical observations in the area. A marine magnetotelluric (MT) experiment was conducted together with seismological observations in the area in 2012–2013 by collaboration between Germany and Japan, in order to give further constraints on the physical state of the mantle beneath the area. A total of 26 seafloor stations were deployed around the Tristan da Cunha islands and available data were retrieved from 23 stations. The MT responses were estimated for those available sites. The detailed data processing will be presented by Chen et al. in this meeting. In this study, we report on the topographic effect on the observed MT responses. During the cruises for seafloor instruments deployment and recovery, detailed bathymetry data were collected around the stations by onboard multi-narrow beam echo sounding (MBES) system. We compiled the MBES data and ETOPO1 data to incorporate the local and regional topography. Then, we applied iterative topographic effect correction and one-dimensional (1-D) conductivity structure inversion. The MT responses of each station were simulated by three-dimensional (3-D) forward modeling. Preliminary results show the overall feature of the observed MT responses at some stations were qualitatively well explained by the seafloor topography included in the conductivity structure model over the 1-D mantle structure. An extreme example is the station near the Tristan da Cunha Island. The impedance phases varies ~300 degrees in shorter period range which is reconstructed by the 3-D forward modeling. Some implications on the lateral variation in the conductivity of the upper mantle will be discussed by demonstrating the residuals between the MT responses corrected for the topographic effect and the 1-D forward response.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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