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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovative Disposal Technology and Management Practice for Medical Waste (2023)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Refuse and refuse disposal. ; Environmental health. ; Pollution. ; Sustainability. ; Waste Management/Waste Technology. ; Environmental Health. ; Pollution. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Development and Management Demands of Medical Waste Disposal Technology -- Selection and Optimization of Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Technology -- Source Classification and Reduction of Medical Waste -- Optimized Incineration Disposal Technology of Medical Waste -- Non-Incineration Optimal Treatment Technology of Medical Waste -- Management and Practice of Emergency Disposal of Medical Waste During the Epidemic -- Informatization Supervision of Medical Waste -- Management of Pollution Prevention and Control of Medical Waste Disposal.
    Abstract: This book analyzes the latest development trend of international medical waste disposal technology, combines the current situation of medical waste management and disposal in China and the requirements of the international community for medical waste, and comprehensively and systematically summarizes the relevant contents of medical waste treatment and disposal technology and management practices. It is suitable for source classification, technology screening, engineering construction, facility operation, supervision and management, and environmental monitoring/inspection in the field of medical waste treatment and disposal, technical training and vocational skills upgrading of operators, and can also be used as a reference for teaching and scientific research by relevant personnel in universities and colleges, government departments, research institutions working in the field of medical waste disposal for environmental protection. The present version has been revised technically and linguistically by the authors in collaboration with a professional translator. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 354 p. 77 illus., 5 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9789819967865
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6786-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6786-5
    DDC: 363.728
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material and electrical properties of highly mismatched InxGa1−xAs on GaAs by molecular-beam epitaxy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6912-6918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The material properties of 2-μm-thick InxGa1−xAs epilayers grown on GaAs with 0.28≤x≤1 were investigated. It was found that for x≥0.5, the material quality of the larger lattice-mismatched heterojunction recovers, as evidenced by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and double-crystal x-ray diffraction (DXRD). Magnetophotoconductivity measurements were performed on InxGa1−xAs epilayers with 0.75≤x≤1. The dependence of both the cyclotron resonance linewidth and the carrier relaxation time on the material quality is consistent with the XTEM and DXRD results. The transport properties of InxGa1−xAs epilayers with 0.75≤x≤1 were studied using temperature-dependent van der Pauw measurements. It was found that the electron mobility in the low-temperature range is determined by a combination of ionized impurity and dislocation scatterings. The contribution of dislocation scattering to ternary InGaAs epilayers is larger than that to InAs, although InAs has a larger lattice mismatch with respect to GaAs. These four different measurement techniques confirm that the growth mode rather than lattice mismatch determines the density of dislocation for the heteroepitaxy of highly mismatched InxGa1−xAs on GaAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355065
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoconduction of synthetic pyrite FeS2 single crystals (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2786-2789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photoconduction of synthetic pyrite FeS2 single crystals with low impurity concentration prepared by chemical vapor transport method is reported over a temperature range from 15 K to 300 K. The energy gap is determined from the photoconductive spectral response by the Moss rule. At room temperature the indirect energy gap is found to be 0.83±0.02 eV. According to the experimental evidence for a sharp antibonding p-like state above the Fermi level of FeS2 reported by Folkerts et al. [J. Phys. C 20, 4135 (1987)], the indirect gap is assigned as the transition between Fe 3d t2g and S 3p σ* states. The temperature variation of the indirect band gap shows a linear dependence between 100 K and 300 K with a negative temperature coefficience equal to 1.0±0.1 meV/K. A distinct feature at higher energy side of the spectrum is observed and attributed to the direct band-gap transition. At temperature lower than 60 K, a very sharp peak around 0.9 eV emerged below the absorption edge. This feature might be associated with the excess carriers induced by the photothermal ionization between the impurity levels and conduction band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354627
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gyrokinetic turbulence simulations with kinetic electrons : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2095-2100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are presented with full drift-kinetic electron dynamics including both trapped and passing particle effects. This is made possible by using a generalization of the split-weight scheme [I. Manuilskiy and W. W. Lee, Phys. Plasmas 7, 1381 (2000)] that allows for a variable adiabatic part, as well as use of the parallel canonical momentum formulation. Linear simulations in shearless slab geometry and nonlinear simulations using representative tokamak parameters demonstrate the applicability of this generalized split-weight scheme to the turbulence transport problem in the low β regime [β(mi/me)≤1]. The issues relating to difficulties at higher β, and initial three-dimensional toroidal simulations results will be discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1351828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical study of the nonlinear evolution of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 226-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simulation code for the nonlinear evolution of the toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) is implemented based on a collisional δf simulation method [Phys. Plasmas 4, 3591 (1997)] and a Hamiltonian formulation of the guiding-center motion [Phys. Fluids 27, 2455 (1984)]. The nonlinear behavior of TAE in the regime of weak damping is studied numerically and compared with the predictions of theoretical analysis. The theoretical prediction for the scaling of the saturation amplitude with the linear growth rate and the collision rate is well confirmed. The enhancement of the saturation level due to resonance overlapping when there are multiple modes is observed and analyzed. The simulation code is applied to the alpha-driven TAE's in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 11 (1984)]. An estimate of the background damping rate is obtained from the simulation result. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873275
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional δf method (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3591-3598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A general method for including various collisional effects, such as the drag and diffusion of test particles due to background plasmas, the effect of particle source and sink, and the like-particle Coloumb collisions, is presented. The marker density g is generally unknown along the particle trajectory, and its evaluation depends on the way particles are initially loaded and new particles are injected into the simulation. The method is demonstrated for the problem of the nonlinear evolution of the toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmode, driven by energetic α particles. The saturation amplitude is found to scale with the collision rate in a way as predicted by theory.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872254
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale gyrokinetic turbulence simulations: Effects of profile variation : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1709-1716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two common computational domains used in gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are a local flux-tube and a global whole plasma volume. The effect of a radially varying pressure gradient is found to explain some of the qualitative differences between these two models. It is shown that a coherent purely radial mode is the result of profile variation. In addition, as profile variation is increased, there is a fairly sudden transition to much lower levels of heat flux. This may explain lower values found in past global simulations. The self-generated purely radial electrostatic potential is found to be 180° out of phase with the flux-surface-averaged ion temperature. A theoretical relation between these two quantities is derived by relating the E×B nonlinearities for ion density and temperature for purely radial modes. This relation is used to explain the various radial mode shapes. Extending these results, a possible scheme is explored to reduce the heat flux by adding a ripple to the ion temperature profile. It may be possible to achieve similar results experimentally using ion cyclotron resonance heating. Finally, simulation results show the additional stabilizing effect of equilibrium Er shear from profile variation in the radial force balance equation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873429
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gyrokinetic ion zero electron inertia fluid electron model for turbulence simulations (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the formulation of a hybrid model with fully gyrokinetic ions and a zero-inertia fluid model for the electrons. The electron fluid equations are derived from moments of the drift kinetic equation, taking the small mass ratio limit, but with finite electron temperature. This model eliminates the inertial Alfvén wave and any physics relating to electron transit motion, making it useful for studying low frequency, high β (β(very-much-greater-than)me/mi) electromagnetic turbulence as well as kinetic magnetohydradynamics (MHD) physics including kinetic ballooning and toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes. Electromagnetic effects (δB⊥) are included through the parallel ion and electron current. A predictor-corrector scheme for the fluid part that is consistent with the gyrokinetic ion part has been developed. Here we derive the model equations, derive the linear kinetic-fluid theory in a three-dimensional shearless slab, and compare the simulation results with the linear theory. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1335584
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toroidal Alfvén eigenmode-induced ripple trapping (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2871-2873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes are shown to be capable of inducing ripple trapping of high-energy particles in tokamaks, causing intense localized particle loss. The effect has been observed in TFTR [R. Hawryluk, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 33, 1509 (1991)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871452
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear evolution of the alpha-particle-driven toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4555-4562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fast and efficient numerical algorithm using energy conservation is developed to study the interaction of high-energy particles with a toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE). A Hamiltonian guiding center code is used to simulate the alpha particle motion and a nonlinear δf scheme is employed to calculate the wave-particle energy exchange. The code is benchmarked using the bump-on-tail problem and simulation results agree with analytical estimates. For a single TAE mode, the particle radial excursion is much less than the spacing between the resonances produced by the poloidal harmonics for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor parameters. Resonant particles that lose their energy to the wave can become trapped poloidally, but transfer to a loss orbit through this mechanism does not occur. Modification of the particle distribution leading to mode saturation is observed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871013
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