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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of green manuring (Sesbania aculeata) on zinc equilibria in submerged calcareous and non-calcareous soils (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Green manuring ; Submergence ; Zn equilibria ; Zn potential ; Sesbania aculeata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of green manuring (Sesbania aculeata) on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Zn concentration and ZN equilibria in a calcareous and a non-calcareous soil under submerged conditions. The soil solutions were drawn anaerobically by gravity and analysed for pH, EC and Zn. Green manuring lowered the pH and increased the EC throughout submergence compared with the untreated control. The effect of green manuring was more pronounced in non-calcareous soil. The concentration of water-soluble Zn under submergence alone continued to decline up to the end of the experiment in both soils. But Zn concentration in green manure-amended soil was lower during the initial stages and higher in the later stages in comparison with the unamended soil. Zn potential values in the case of submergence alone were within the range of the ZnCo3-Zn2+ (aq) system up to 1 week and 4 weeks for non-calcareous and calcareous soil, respectively. Thereafter they shifted to those of the Zn-soil (unknown solid phases)-Zn2+ (aq) system. Under green manuring the values were within the range of the latter system throughout the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255780
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion of hemicelluloses into fungal protein (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1987), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Chaetomium cellulolyticum ; Pleurotus sajor-caju ; Fungal protein ; Hemicellulose ; Lignocellulose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The utilization of cellulose from one ton of lignocellulose for ethanol production would yield 150–250 kg of hemicelluloses. The total soluble solids in the hemicellulose fraction (HF) obtained with the Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS) process contained about 56% carbohydrates. These carbohydrates were present in the form of oligomers of various sugars, predominantly xylose. All the test fungi,Chaetomium cellulolyticum, C. cellulolyticum (asporogenous mutant) andPleurotus sajor-caju, were capable of utilizing all the carbohydrates present in HF.C. cellulolyticum gave the highest amount of protein (7 g/l) from 19 g carbohydrates/l. The yield of protein was higher than expected, indicating that carbon compounds other than reducing sugars present in HF might have been consumed for fungal growth. The inhibitory effect of toxic compounds on protein production increased with an increase in concentration of soluble solids in HF. The inhibitory effect was overcome by increasing the pH of the medium to 6.0 or 7.0. Fungal protein production from hemicelluloses will give extra revenue in our integrated approach for ethanol production from lignocelluloses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569332
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-2′,6′-diethylacetanilide] by soil fungi (1976)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 45 (1976), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A Penicillium sp. and a Trichoderma sp. were isolated from a soil previously treated with alachlor which is commonly used as herbicide. These fungi were found to degrade alachlor and only one degradation product was observed after 15 days of incubation. Whereas two products were noticed after 30 days with both the test organisms. re]19740913
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010589
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCP production by Chaetomium cellulolyticum, a new thermotolerant cellulolytic fungus (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 527-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chaetomium cellulolyticum, a newly isolated cellulolytic fungus, showed 50-100% faster growth rates and over 80% more final biomass-protein formation than Trichoderma viride, a well-known high cellulase-producing cellulolytic organism, when cultivated on Solka-floc (a purified, predominantly amorphorous form of cellulose) or partially delignified sawdust (consisting of a mixture of hardwoods) as the sole-carbon source in the fermentation media. However, in both cases, T. viride produced much higher quantities of free cellulases at faster rates and also degraded more substrate than C. cellulolyticum. It is concluded that the synthesis mechanisms and/or the nature of the cellulase complexes of the two types of organisms are quite different such that C. cellulolyticum is more optimal for single-cell protein (SCP) production, while T. viride is more optimal for the production of extracellular cellulases.It was also found that the amino acid composition of C. cellulolyticum is generally better than that of T. viride and compares favorably with those of the FAO reference protein, alfalfa, and soya meal. In addition, preliminary feeding trials on rats have shown no adverse effects of the SCP produced by C. cellulolyticum fermentations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single cell protein from various chemically pretreated wood substrates using Chaetomium cellulolyticum (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth behavior of Chaetomium cellulolyticum, a new cellulolytic fungus, has been examined in slurry fermentation systems using various chemically pretreated sawdusts from hardwoods as substrates. Both acid- and alkali-pretreatment methods were used and the fermentation media included the spent pretreatment liquor in an attempt to concurrently maximize substrate utilization and minimize the biological oxygen demand (BOD) level in the process effluent. Diauxic growth patterns were found in the three cases studied, suggesting an initial utilization of soluble hemicellulose sugars followed by utilization of the insoluble cellulose. This behavior patterns was supported by separate growth experiments using the major sugars of hemicellulose as carbon sources. The organism was found to be a good convertor of both cellulose and hemicelluloses into single cell protein (SCP). In terms of rate and extent of protein production in the insoluble biomass product, acid pretreatment appears to be better than alkali pretreatment if the product is intended as ruminant feed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of physical and physicochemical pretreatments of wood for SCP production with Chaetomium cellulolyticum (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2417-2420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relatively poor SCP production (4.2 mg/L h) was obtained using C. cellulolyticum and ground aspen wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure for 1 h. The percentage of protein in the final product increased to 21.4% at a specific growth rate of 0.15 h-1 when the wood sample was treated with steam at a higher pressure (280 psig for 4 min) according to the "Stake" process. Alkali treatment (10% and 15% w/w at 121°C for 30 min), known to solubilize hemicelluloses and some of the lignin, gave intermediate results. More complete delignification of wood using NaClO2 increased the protein composition in the final product to 37.9%, at a specific growth rate of 0.19 h-1. Cellulose utilization was lowest (12.4%) in the case of the wood treated with steam at atmospheric pressure; it was higher at 75.3 and 78.5% for wood treated with NaOH at 10 and 15% w/w levels, respectively. The cellulose utilization was highest (90%) for wood treated with NaClO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollution control of swine manure and straw by conversion to Chaetomium cellulolyticum SCP feed (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2407-2415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Swine manure has a very high pollution potential and obnoxious odor. Large farms particularly are confronted with a manure disposal problem since environmentally acceptable solutions are now required by government regulations. Swine manure was found to be a good source of supplementary nutrients to ferment wheat straw into single-cell protein (SCP) with Chaetomium cellulolyticum when 0.13g (NH4)2SO4/g solid was used as an additional source of N. In batch fermentations, inhibitory effects, possibly due to soluble released from the straw during alkali or acid pretreatment, were overcome by starting the fermentation at about pH 7.0 and then reducing it to 5.0 during growth. An overall protein productivity of up to 66 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture of 1% w/v solids of manure and straw. This compares favorably with 99 mg/L h when manure was fermented with glucose instead of straw as the main carbon source. A high protein productivity of 200 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture containing anaerobically prefermented swine manure liquor and 1.5% w/v solids from straw. The final products of the manure and straw fermentations contained 25-30% DW crude protein and 6-20% DW cellulose and the materials were free of the original obnoxious odor and undesirable microbial contamination.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231102
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  • 8
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    Effect of green manuring (Sesbania aculeata) on zinc equilibria in submerged calcareous and non-calcareous soils (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Degradation of Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-2′,6′-diethylacetanilide] by soil fungi (1976)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Iron equilibrium in submerged soils as influenced by green manuring and iron application (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-01
    Description: SUMMARYA pot experiment was made to study the effect of green manuring and iron application on the pE, pH, Fe concentration and iron equilibria in a calcareous and a noncalcareous soil. Green manuring drastically decreased the pE and pH and increased the Fe concentration of the equilibrium soil solution to a greater extent than submergence alone. Addition of Fe decreased pE, pH and increased Fe concentration both with and without green manuring. In calcareous soil pE and pH were high and Fe concentration was low compared with non-calcareous soil. In the absence of green manure and added iron, although there were wide variations in pE, pH and Fe concentration, Fe(OH)3-Fe2+; Fe3(OH)8-Fe2 + and Fe(OH)3-Fe3(OH)8 systems were controlling the solubility of Fe after 1 week of submergence in both the soils. But on green manuring all the above systems in calcareous soil and only Fe(OH)3-Fe3(OH)8 system in non-calcareous soil were operating at 1 week of submergence and continued afterwards. Addition of iron, with and without green manure, failed to bring an appreciable effect on these systems in calcareous and as well as in non-calcareous soil.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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